Figure 5.   Patterns of offensive and defensive behavior during 30 min of interaction between eight pairs of unacquainted crayfish. Total numbers of events are shown for dominant (top) and subordinate (bottom) animals in all eight pairs in sequential 5 min periods. The first tail flip of each pair marks the beginning of the first 5 min period (i.e., time 0) for that pair; the sequence of periods of each pair is aligned with that mark. A, Attacks, approaches, and retreats. Before indicates behavioral events that occurred before the first tail flip. B, Different types of tail-flip behavior. The 5 min periods correspond to the similarly labeled periods in A.