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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 10, 256-266, Copyright © 1990 by Society for Neuroscience
GAP-43 in growth cones is associated with areas of membrane that are tightly bound to substrate and is a component of a membrane skeleton subcellular fraction
KF Meiri and PR Gordon-Weeks
Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Health Science Center, Syracuse 13210.
To ascertain the subcellular localization of the growth-associated protein
GAP-43 in growth cones, we isolated growth cones from the forebrains of
neonatal rats. Anti-GAP-43 immunoreactivity in these isolated growth cones
(IGCs) resembled that seen in cultured growth cones in 2 respects: First,
in substrate-attached IGCs, as in cultured growth cones, immunoreactivity
was intracellular, punctate, and extended throughout the IGCs and their
processes. Second, when IGCs were dislodged from this substrate, patches of
membrane that were highly immunoreactive for GAP-43 were left behind.
Extracting IGCs in nonionic detergents revealed that almost all the
particulate GAP-43 colocalized with a membrane skeleton fraction: It was
not present in the cytoskeleton. The association of GAP-43 with the
membrane skeleton was not due to nonspecific aggregation, nor was it
calcium dependent. Examination of this fraction under the electron
microscope showed it to consist of membrane fragments associated with
amorphous material that could be visualized with tannic acid.
Immunoelectron microscopy showed that anti-GAP-43 immunoreactivity was
localized to this amorphous material. Fodrin, talin, and a-actinin
immunoreactivity could be detected in the membrane skeleton fraction, and
actin and tubulin were also identifiable from SDS gels. The association of
GAP-43 with the membrane skeleton, which by analogy with other cell types
is involved in the dynamic regulation of cell shape, implies that GAP-43 in
growth cones may be involved in this function.
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