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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 10, 3313-3322, Copyright © 1990 by Society for Neuroscience
Neuropeptide cotransmitters released from an identified cholinergic motor neuron modulate neuromuscular efficacy in Aplysia
MD Whim and PE Lloyd
Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637.
Intrinsic buccal muscle 5 (I5) in Aplysia is innervated by 2 motor neurons
(termed B15 and B16). In addition to the classical transmitter ACh, B15
also contains the 2 neuropeptides SCPA and SCPB. In a previous study, we
demonstrated that the SCPs were released from the terminals of B15 in the
I5 muscle and that this release was sufficient to raise cAMP levels in I5
muscle fibers. Significant peptide release occurred only when B15 was
stimulated at high frequency or at lower frequencies with a relatively long
burst duration (Whim and Lloyd, 1989). In the present article, we examine
the possibility that the SCPs released from B15 modulate I5 muscle
contractions produced by stimulation of the second motor neuron, B16.
Application of exogenous SCPs to I5 muscles increased the amplitude and
relaxation rate of B16-evoked contractions. Stimulation of B15 using
paradigms that have been shown previously to cause release of the SCPs
resulted in a long-lasting increase in the amplitude and relaxation rate of
muscle contractions evoked by B16. This modulation is unlikely to be due to
the B15-induced muscle contractions themselves, because modulation of
B16-evoked contraction amplitude and relaxation rate was observed when the
contractions were blocked transiently by a cholinergic antagonist during
B15 stimulation. Conversely, stimulation of B15 at frequencies that produce
no measurable release of the SCPs did not elicit significant modulation of
B16-evoked contractions. The minimum B15 stimulation frequency required to
elevate muscle cAMP levels or to modulate B16-evoked contractions was found
to be within the physiological range at which B15 fires during feeding.
Therefore, the mechanism underlying the modulation of B16-evoked
contractions by B15 is likely to involve the release of the SCPs from B15
terminals in the I5 muscle. With respect to behavior, this modulation of
muscle contractions would be most likely to occur during food-induced
arousal when both motor neurons fire at high frequency with brief
interburst intervals.
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