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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 10, 3390-3401, Copyright © 1990 by Society for Neuroscience
Distribution of photoreceptor subtypes in the retina of diurnal and nocturnal primates
KC Wikler and P Rakic
Section of Neuroanatomy, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.
We have used antibodies specific to either the red/green-or blue- sensitive
cones in order to compare their ratio and distributions to that of the rods
in the retinae of 3 primate species that differ in their capacity for color
vision. We have found that the monoclonal antibody CSA-1 (Johnson and
Hageman, 1988) and the polyclonal antibody 4942A, specific to the red- and
green-cone opsin (Lerea et al., 1989), applied to retinal whole-mounts
labeled approximately 90% of all cones in the diurnal Old-World rhesus
monkey (Macaca mulatta) and all of the cones in the nocturnal New-World owl
monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) and nocturnal prosimian bushbaby (Galago
garnetti). The polyclonal antibody 108B, specific to the blue-cone opsin
(Lerea et al., 1989), labeled about 10% of the cones across the entire
surface of the rhesus monkey retina, but failed to label any cones in the
retina of the 2 nocturnal species. Only the retina of the rhesus monkey
possessed an all-cone foveola in which the density of cone inner segments
was 17-fold greater than that in the fovea of the owl monkey or bushbaby
retina. Surprisingly, the density of cones per unit area outside of the
fovea was comparable in all 3 species. Rod density in the dorsal retina was
elevated in all animals examined, but was 2-3 times greater in the
nocturnal species than in the rhesus monkey retina. Application of the
photoreceptor-class-specific antibodies may provide further insights into
the evolution and development of wavelength sensitivity in the retina, as
well as enhance our understanding of normal and abnormal color vision in
humans.
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