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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 10, 3479-3493, Copyright © 1990 by Society for Neuroscience
Amygdalar interaction with the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in stimulus-reward associative learning in the monkey
D Gaffan and EA Murray
Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, England.
Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were assessed for their ability to
associate visual stimuli with food reward. They learned a series of new
2-choice visual discriminations between colored patterns displayed on a
monitor screen. The feedback for correct choice was the delivery of food.
In order to promote associative learning between the visual stimuli and the
incentive value of the food reward, reward delivery was not accompanied by
any distinctive visual feedback on the display screen. The rate of learning
new problems was assessed before and after surgery in a total of 16
monkeys. Three groups of 3 monkeys received bilaterally symmetrical
ablations in either the amygdala, the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus,
or the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. All these groups showed a severe
postoperative learning impairment. Seven other animals were given a
unilateral ablation in 1 of those 3 structures and a second unilateral
ablation, in each case contralateral to and different from the first, in
order to produce 2 groups in which a putative amygdalo-thalamo-prefrontal
pathway had been disconnected by crossed unilateral lesions. One
disconnection group had lesions in the amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal
cortex; the other had lesions in the amygdala and the mediodorsal nucleus
of the thalamus. The disconnection groups showed a significant impairment,
but the effect of the disconnection surgeries was significantly milder than
the effect of any of the 3 bilaterally symmetrical lesions. Therefore,
symmetrical bilateral lesions in either the amygdala, the mediodorsal
nucleus, or the ventromedial prefrontal cortex produce similar impairments
in the present task, implying that these structures are functionally
related to each other; but the relatively mild effect of disconnecting
these structures from each other argues against the hypothesis that they
are serial stages in a single, tightly linked functional pathway.
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