 |
 Previous Article | Next Article 
Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 10, 3594-3603, Copyright © 1990 by Society for Neuroscience
Inhibition of neurite outgrowth on astroglial scars in vitro
JS Rudge and J Silver
Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
Traumatic injury to the adult mammalian CNS results in the formation of an
astroglial-mesenchymal scar that seals the wound site but blocks axonal
regeneration in the process. The mechanism that leads to this inhibition of
axon outgrowth has been proposed to be either a physical barrier blocking
the advancement of the growth cone or chemical factors actively inhibiting
axon outgrowth. At present, it is unknown whether one or both of these
mechanisms are responsible for the inhibitory nature of the glial scar in
vivo. Using a model of CNS trauma that allows for removal of an adult rat
glial scar intact on a nitrocellulose support and placement in vitro with
the upper surface exposed, we addressed the question of whether the
inhibitory effects could be accounted for by chemical components at the
scar surface. A purified population of rat hippocampal neurons was seeded
onto the scar explants as well as onto explants taken from neonatal rat
cerebral cortex, and the extent of neurite outgrowth was compared. We found
that the glial scar, at best, stimulates only minimal neurite outgrowth
over its surface when compared to the immature environment explanted in the
same manner. This growth-inhibitory state cannot merely be explained by
neuronotoxic factors or fibroblasts preventing astrocyte-mediated neurite
outgrowth. The inhibition is more probably due to the expression of
molecules on the surface of the adult scar that either directly inhibit
growth cones or inhibit them indirectly by occluding neurite-promoting
factors in the extracellular matrix or on the astrocyte surface.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
H. Beck, M. Semisch, C. Culmsee, N. Plesnila, and A. K. Hatzopoulos
Egr-1 Regulates Expression of the Glial Scar Component Phosphacan in Astrocytes after Experimental Stroke
Am. J. Pathol.,
July 1, 2008;
173(1):
77 - 92.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Lu, C.-L. Cho, C.-L. Liang, S.-D. Chen, P.-C. Liliang, S.-Y. Wang, and H.-J. Chen
Inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway reduces microglial activation and interleukin-1-beta expression in spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.,
April 1, 2007;
133(4):
934 - 941.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Faulkner, J. E. Herrmann, M. J. Woo, K. E. Tansey, N. B. Doan, and M. V. Sofroniew
Reactive Astrocytes Protect Tissue and Preserve Function after Spinal Cord Injury
J. Neurosci.,
March 3, 2004;
24(9):
2143 - 2155.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Z. Cui, W. M. Tian, Y. W. Fan, S. P. Hou, Q. Y. Xu, and I.-S. Lee
Cerebrum Repair with PHPMA Hydrogel Immobilized with Neurite-Promoting Peptides in Traumatic Brain Injury of Adult Rat Model
Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers,
November 1, 2003;
18(6):
413 - 432.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Grimpe, S. Dong, C. Doller, K. Temple, A. T. Malouf, and J. Silver
The Critical Role of Basement Membrane-Independent Laminin gamma 1 Chain during Axon Regeneration in the CNS
J. Neurosci.,
April 15, 2002;
22(8):
3144 - 3160.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Rozovsky, M. Wei, D. J. Stone, H. Zanjani, C. P. Anderson, T. E. Morgan, and C. E. Finch
Estradiol (E2) Enhances Neurite Outgrowth by Repressing Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Expression and Reorganizing Laminin
Endocrinology,
February 1, 2002;
143(2):
636 - 646.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Leon, Y. Yin, J. Nguyen, N. Irwin, and L. I. Benowitz
Lens Injury Stimulates Axon Regeneration in the Mature Rat Optic Nerve
J. Neurosci.,
June 15, 2000;
20(12):
4615 - 4626.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Pasterkamp, F. De Winter, A. J. G. D. Holtmaat, and J. Verhaagen
Evidence for a Role of the Chemorepellent Semaphorin III and Its Receptor Neuropilin-1 in the Regeneration of Primary Olfactory Axons
J. Neurosci.,
December 1, 1998;
18(23):
9962 - 9976.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Lefrancois, C. Fages, M. Peschanski, and M. Tardy
Neuritic Outgrowth Associated with Astroglial Phenotypic Changes Induced by Antisense Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) mRNA in Injured Neuron-Astrocyte Cocultures
J. Neurosci.,
June 1, 1997;
17(11):
4121 - 4128.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. E. Geisert Jr., L. Yang, and M. H. Irwin
Astrocyte Growth, Reactivity, and the Target of the Antiproliferative Antibody, TAPA
J. Neurosci.,
September 1, 1996;
16(17):
5478 - 5487.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. B. Thomas and D. A. Steindler
Review : Glial Boundaries and Scars: Programs for Normal Development and Wound Healing in the Brain
Neuroscientist,
May 1, 1995;
1(3):
142 - 154.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
