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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 10, 3685-3694, Copyright © 1990 by Society for Neuroscience
Circadian timekeeping in BALB/c and C57BL/6 inbred mouse strains
WJ Schwartz and P Zimmerman
Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655.
Circadian rhythms of locomotion (wheel-running activity) in 12 inbred mouse
strains were recorded for interstrain differences in tau DD, the endogenous
(free-running) period of the circadian pacemaker measured in constant
environmental darkness. The results indicate that 1 or more genetic loci
influence the value of tau DD, and a large (50 min) difference in mean tau
DD between 2 of the strains, BALB/cByJ and C57BL/6J, allowed further
characterization of the origins and inheritance of the polymorphic
expression of this circadian pacemaker property. The interstrain difference
in mean tau DD was associated with an interstrain difference in
light-induced shifts of the phase of the free-running locomotor rhythm; the
BALB/c strain (with the shorter mean tau DD) displayed relatively fewer
advance phase shifts. Neither the history of previous light exposure,
albinism, nor elevated circulating testosterone levels could account for
the interstrain difference in mean tau DD. The value of tau DD based on the
circadian rhythm of drinking activity (with the running wheel removed) was
longer than that based on locomotion; this discrepancy was significantly
greater and more variable in BALB/c than in C57BL/6 mice, though the
interstrain difference in mean tau DD could not be attributed entirely to
this effect. Reciprocal F1 hybrids of BALB/c x C57BL/6 matings revealed
dominance of the C57BL/6 genotype, no sex linkage, and a significant (but
small) maternal effect. Examination of CXB recombinant inbred strains
provided no support for the hypothesis of monogenic inheritance. Further
study of inherited differences in the BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains may be a
useful noninvasive experimental approach for investigation of the
neurobiological substrates of circadian rhythmicity.
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