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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 10, 3837-3848, Copyright © 1990 by Society for Neuroscience
Oligodendrocytes arrest neurite growth by contact inhibition
C Bandtlow, T Zachleder and ME Schwab
Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
We have used video time-lapse microscopy to analyze in vitro the
interactions of growth cones of newborn rat dorsal root ganglion cells with
dissociated young rat CNS glial cells present in the cultures at low
density. To provide optimal conditions for neurite extension, cells were
grown on laminin and in NGF-supplemented medium. Our initial observation
showed that there are 2 subpopulations of growth cones differing in their
growth rate on laminin (averages of 12 and 45 microns/hr). When these
growth cones encountered astrocytes, they maintained their normal
configuration and growth velocity. They subsequently grew along or on top
of astrocytes. In some cases, however, fast-moving growth cones showed a
slight reduction in their growth rate. When growth cones countered
oligodendrocytes, however, firm filopodial contact was sufficient to induce
a rapid and long- lasting arrest of the growth cone motility, often
followed by a collapse of the growth cone structure. One third of the
paralyzed growth cones were observed to retract. Growth arrest and growth
cone collapse were strictly dependent on membrane contact between neurons
and oligodendrocytes. This contact inhibition phenomenon was exclusively
found with differentiated oligodendrocytes and could be prevented by the
monoclonal antibody IN-1 directed against neurite growth inhibitors NI-35
and NI-250 (Caroni and Schwab, 1988b). These results confirm previous
findings that the neurite growth inhibitor proteins are important in axon
outgrowth. Further, the inhibition of neurite growth exerted by
oligodendrocytes is a contact-mediated phenomenon that can be triggered by
the tip of growth cone filopodia.
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