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Next Article 
Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 10, 2039-2058, Copyright © 1990 by Society for Neuroscience
Making arm movements within different parts of space: dynamic aspects in the primate motor cortex
R Caminiti, PB Johnson and A Urbano
Istituto di Fisiologia umana, Facolta di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universita degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Italy.
The activity of 176 individual cells in the arm area of motor cortex (areas
4 and 6) was studied while monkeys made arm movements of similar direction
within different parts of extrapersonal space. The behavioral paradigm used
was a 3-dimensional reaction-time task aimed at dissociating the direction
of movement, which remained similar across the work space, from the
patterns of muscular activity and the angular joint excursions necessary to
perform these movements. In agreement with other studies (Georgopoulos et
al., 1982; Schwartz et al., 1988), we found that, within a given part of
space, the activity of 169 (96.0%) cells studied increased most for a given
preferred direction and less for other directions of movement. This change
was graded in an orderly fashion. We further analyzed the orientation in
space of the cells' preferred directions under the differing conditions of
the task. We found that, as movements with similar trajectories were made
within different parts of space, the cells' preferred directions changed
spatial orientation. This change was of different magnitudes for different
cells, but at the level of the population, it followed closely the changes
in orientation of the arm necessary to perform the movements required by
the task. Movement population vectors (Georgopoulos et al., 1983, 1986,
1988) computed from cell activity proved to be good predictors of movement
direction regardless of where in space the movements were performed. These
results indicate that motor cortical cells can code direction of movement
in a way which is dependent on the position of the arm in space. The data
are discussed in relation to the existence of mechanisms which facilitate
the transformation between extrinsic and intrinsic coordinates. These
transformations are necessary to perform arm movements to visual targets in
space.
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