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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 10, 2385-2399, Copyright © 1990 by Society for Neuroscience
Structure-activity relationships for amino acid transmitter candidates acting at N-methyl-D-aspartate and quisqualate receptors
DK Patneau and ML Mayer
Unit of Neurophysiology and Biophysics, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Dose-response curves for activation of excitatory amino acid receptors on
mouse embryonic hippocampal neurons in culture were recorded for 15
excitatory amino acids, including the L-isomers of glutamate, aspartate,
and a family of endogenous sulfur amino acids. In the presence of 3 microM
glycine, with no extracellular Mg, micromolar concentrations of 11 of these
amino acids produced selective activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)
receptors. L-Glutamate was the most potent NMDA agonist (EC50 2.3 microM)
and quinolinic acid the least potent (EC50 2.3 mM). Dose-response curves
were well fit by the logistic equation, or by a model with 2 independent
agonist binding sites. The mean limiting slope of log-log plots of NMDA
receptor current versus agonist concentration (1.93) suggests that a 2-site
model is appropriate. There was excellent correlation between agonist EC50S
determined in voltage clamp experiments and KdS determined for NMDA
receptor binding (Olverman et al., 1988). With no added glycine, and 1 mM
extracellular Mg, responses to NMDA were completely blocked; responses to
kainate and quisqualate were unchanged. Under these conditions, glutamate
and the sulfur amino acids activated a rapidly desensitizing response,
similar to that evoked by micromolar concentrations of quisqualate and
AMPA, but mM concentrations of L- aspartate, homoquinolinic acid, and
quinolinic acid failed to elicit a non-NMDA receptor-mediated response.
Except for L-glutamate (EC50 480 microM), the low potency of the sulfur
amino acids prevented the study of complete dose-response curves for the
rapidly desensitizing response at quisqualate receptors. Small-amplitude
nondesensitizing quisqualate receptor responses were activated by much
lower concentrations of all quisqualate receptor agonists. Full
dose-response curves for the nondesensitizing response were obtained for 9
amino acids; L-glutamate was the most potent endogenous agonist (EC50 19
microM). Domoate (EC50 13 microM) and kainate (EC50 143 microM) activated
large-amplitude, nondesensitizing responses.
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