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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 10, 2451-2462, Copyright © 1990 by Society for Neuroscience
Lineage, arrangement, and death of clonally related motoneurons in chick spinal cord
SM Leber, SM Breedlove and JR Sanes
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
We have used recombinant retroviruses as lineage markers to study the
genealogy of motoneurons (MNs) in the chick spinal cord. We infected
individual progenitors by injecting virions into the neural tube at stages
11-18, a few cell divisions before MNs are born. The descendants of
infected cells were subsequently detected with a histochemical stain for
beta-galactosidase (lacZ), the product of the retrovirally introduced gene.
Clonally related, lacZ-positive cells formed clusters that were usually
radial or planar in shape. The cells that comprised these clones were
classified by morphology, size, and location. About 15% of the clones in
the spinal cord contained MNs, and these were studied further.
Multicellular clones that contained only MNs were infrequent. Instead,
close relatives of MNs included a variety of other neurons, as well as glia
and ependymal cells. Most non-MNs in these clones were found in the ventral
and intermediate parts of the spinal cord. Neurons included interneurons
and autonomic preganglionic neurons in the column of Terni. Labeled glia
were found in both the gray and white matter and included astrocytes and
cells tentatively identified as oligodendrocytes. Thus, even shortly before
MNs are born, their progenitors are multipotential. Clonally related MNs
were not restricted to a single motor pool. Some clones contained MNs in
both the medial and lateral parts of the lateral motor column, which are
known to innervate distinct groups of limb muscles. Furthermore, some
clones contained MNs in the medial motor column (which innervate axial
muscles) as well as in the lateral motor column. In contrast, the dispersal
of clonally related MNs (and other neurons) was restricted in the
rostrocaudal axis; most clones were less than one-quarter segment in
length. Thus, MNs derived from a single progenitor are more likely to share
rostrocaudal position than synaptic targets. To investigate the fate of
clonally related MNs, we counted the number of MNs per clone at times
before, during, and after the major period of MN death. The number of MNs
per clone declined in precise parallel with the total number of MNs during
this period, suggesting that neurons are eliminated without regard to their
clone of origin. This result implies that the decision to live or die
occurs on a cell-by-cell rather than a clone-by-clone basis.
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