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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 10, 2502-2512, Copyright © 1990 by Society for Neuroscience
Regenerated hair cells can originate from supporting cell progeny: evidence from phototoxicity and laser ablation experiments in the lateral line system
KJ Balak, JT Corwin and JE Jones
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908.
The mechanisms that lead to the production of sensory hair cells during
regeneration have been investigated by using 2 different procedures to
ablate preexisting hair cells in individual neuromast sensory epithelia of
the lateral line in the tails of salamanders, then monitoring the responses
of surviving cells. In one series of experiments, fluorescent excitation
was used to cause the phototoxic death of hair cells that selectively take
up the pyridinium dye DASPEI. In the other experiments, the ultraviolet
output of a pulsed neodymium-YAG laser was focused to a microbeam through a
quartz objective lens in epi- illumination mode and used to selectively
kill individual unlabeled hair cells while the cells were simultaneously
imaged by transmitted light DIC microscopy. Through observation of the
treated neuromasts in vivo, these experiments demonstrated that mature
sensory epithelia that have been completely depleted of hair cells can
still generate new hair cells. Preexisting hair cells are not necessary for
regeneration. Immediately after the ablations the only resident cells in
the sensory epithelia were supporting cells. These cells were observed to
divide at rates that were increased over control values, and eventually
those cell divisions gave rise to progeny that differentiated as hair
cells, replacing those that had been killed. Macrophages were active in
these epithelia, and their phagocytic activity had a significant influence
on the standing population of cells. The first new hair cells appeared 3-5
d after the treatments, and additional hair cells usually appeared every
1-2 d for at least 2 weeks. We conclude that the fate of the progeny
produced by supporting cell divisions is plastic to a degree, in that these
progeny can differentiate either as supporting cells or as hair cells in
epithelia where hair cells are missing or depleted.
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