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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 10, 3056-3068, Copyright © 1990 by Society for Neuroscience
Dendritic transport: quantitative analysis of the time course of somatodendritic transport of recently synthesized RNA
L Davis, B Burger, GA Banker and O Steward
Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908.
We have previously reported that recently synthesized RNA is selectively
transported into the dendrites of hippocampal neurons grown in culture
(Davis et al., 1987). The present study provides further details about this
transport process, focusing especially on the velocity of transport, by
comparing the velocity of dendritic transport of RNA in neurons of
different ages and in the branched and unbranched dendrites of individual
neurons. In our previous study, we recognized that calculations of
transport velocity could be compromised because transport was being
evaluated in a population of dendrites of varying lengths. The present
study uses a mathematical modeling approach to determine how the morphology
of the population of dendrites would affect the analysis of transport
velocity. Focusing first on a simple model, we compared the distribution of
transported material at various times when all dendrites were of the same
length and when the population included dendrites of different lengths. We
found that the distance of labeling increased linearly over time when all
dendrites were of the same length, but increased with a negatively
accelerating curve when dendrites were of different lengths. We then
determined the actual distribution of dendritic lengths in cultured
hippocampal neurons, based on immunostaining with an antibody directed
against the selective dendritic marker, microtubule-associated protein 2
(MAP2). Using a computer model, we calculated the mean distance of
transport as a function of time in this population of dendrites, assuming
different velocities of transport. The velocity that best fit the measured
distances of RNA transport in both 7- and 15-d-old neurons was 11
microns/hr (0.26 mm/d). However, for the dendrites exhibiting the longest
distance of labeling, the best-fitting curve assumed a velocity of 21
microns/hr in both 7- and 15-d-old neurons (0.50 mm/d). Comparisons of
transport in branched and unbranched dendrites revealed that the distance
of labeling over branched dendrites was consistently longer than over
unbranched dendrites of individual neurons. However, neurons with a larger
proportion of branched dendrites did not exhibit a greater mean distance of
transport. The density of silver grains was higher over branched than over
unbranched dendrites, suggesting that a greater amount of recently
synthesized RNA may be transported into branched dendrites. Taken together,
these results suggest that RNA transport into dendrites is regulated
differentially in the dendrites of individual neurons.
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