 |
 Previous Article | Next Article 
Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 10, 3106-3117, Copyright © 1990 by Society for Neuroscience
Magnetic resonance imaging of the hippocampal formation and mammillary nuclei distinguish medial temporal lobe and diencephalic amnesia
LR Squire, DG Amaral and GA Press
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California 92161.
Studies of circumscribed amnesia have been a useful source of information
about the organization of human memory functions. In an effort to obtain
neuroanatomical information about the patients being studied, we have used
2 high-resolution protocols for imaging the human brain with magnetic
resonance (MR). One provides images of the hippocampus, permitting
visualization of the hippocampal formation in considerable detail. The
second provides images of the mammillary nuclei. Four amnesic patients with
alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome had abnormally small mammillary nuclei that
were barely detectable by MR in most cases. The temporal lobe, hippocampal
formation, and parahippocampal gyrus were of normal size. In a second group
of 4 (non- Korsakoff) amnesic patients, the opposite findings were
obtained. The hippocampal formation was markedly reduced in size in the
absence of a detectable change in the size of the temporal lobe. By
contrast, the mammillary nuclei, though somewhat reduced in volume, were
considerably larger than in the patients with Korsakoff's syndrome. The
anatomical findings for individual patients generally corresponded to the
severity of their memory impairment. The results show that neuroimaging
techniques can distinguish between patients with diencephalic and medial
temporal lobe amnesia. These techniques can therefore provide useful
information about the crucial issue of patient classification, and they set
the stage for exploring possible quantitative and qualitative differences
between patients.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
A. Ozturk, D.M. Yousem, A. Mahmood, and S. el Sayed
Prevalence of Asymmetry of Mamillary Body and Fornix Size on MR Imaging
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol.,
February 1, 2008;
29(2):
384 - 387.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Gold and L. R. Squire
The anatomy of amnesia: Neurohistological analysis of three new cases
Learn. Mem.,
November 1, 2006;
13(6):
699 - 710.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Caulo, J. Van Hecke, L. Toma, A. Ferretti, A. Tartaro, C. Colosimo, G. L. Romani, and A. Uncini
Functional MRI study of diencephalic amnesia in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Brain,
July 1, 2005;
128(7):
1584 - 1594.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Datta, V. Mavanji, J. Ulloor, and E. H. Patterson
Activation of Phasic Pontine-Wave Generator Prevents Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Deprivation-Induced Learning Impairment in the Rat: A Mechanism for Sleep-Dependent Plasticity
J. Neurosci.,
February 11, 2004;
24(6):
1416 - 1427.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. V. Sullivan and L. Marsh
Hippocampal volume deficits in alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome
Neurology,
December 23, 2003;
61(12):
1716 - 1719.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Kapur and M. D Kopelman
Advanced brain imaging procedures and human memory disorder
Br. Med. Bull.,
March 1, 2003;
65(1):
61 - 81.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Colchester, D Kingsley, D Lasserson, B Kendall, F Bello, C Rush, T G Stevens, G Goodman, G Heilpern, N Stanhope, et al.
Structural MRI volumetric analysis in patients with organic amnesia, 1: methods and comparative findings across diagnostic groups
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry,
July 1, 2001;
71(1):
13 - 22.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Datta
Avoidance Task Training Potentiates Phasic Pontine-Wave Density in the Rat: A Mechanism for Sleep-Dependent Plasticity
J. Neurosci.,
November 15, 2000;
20(22):
8607 - 8613.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. E.L. Stark and L. R. Squire
Intact Visual Perceptual Discrimination in Humans in the Absence of Perirhinal Cortex
Learn. Mem.,
September 1, 2000;
7(5):
273 - 278.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. R. Grubb, K. A. A. Fox, K. Smith, J. Best, A. Blane, K. P. Ebmeier, M. F. Glabus, and R. E. O'Carroll
Memory Impairment in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors Is Associated With Global Reduction in Brain Volume, Not Focal Hippocampal Injury
Stroke,
July 1, 2000;
31(7):
1509 - 1514.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P J Visser, L Krabbendam, F R J Verhey, P A M Hofman, W M A Verhoeven, S Tuinier, A Wester, Y W M M V. Den Berg, L F M Goessens, Y D V. D. Werf, et al.
Brain correlates of memory dysfunction in alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry,
December 1, 1999;
67(6):
774 - 778.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Henke, N. E. A. Kroll, H. Behniea, D. G. Amaral, M. B. Miller, R. Rafal, and M. S. Gazzaniga
Memory Lost and Regained Following Bilateral Hippocampal Damage
J. Cogn. Neurosci.,
November 1, 1999;
11(6):
682 - 697.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Agartz, R. Momenan, R. R. Rawlings, M. J. Kerich, and D. W. Hommer
Hippocampal Volume in Patients With Alcohol Dependence
Arch Gen Psychiatry,
April 1, 1999;
56(4):
356 - 363.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Nunn, F. J. X. Graydon, C. E. Polkey, and R. G. Morris
Differential spatial memory impairment after right temporal lobectomy demonstrated using temporal titration
Brain,
January 1, 1999;
122(1):
47 - 59.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Reed and L. R. Squire
Retrograde Amnesia for Facts and Events: Findings from Four New Cases
J. Neurosci.,
May 15, 1998;
18(10):
3943 - 3954.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. E. Clark and L. R. Squire
Classical Conditioning and Brain Systems: The Role of Awareness
Science,
April 3, 1998;
280(5360):
77 - 81.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Knowlton, J. A. Mangels, and L. R. Squire
A Neostriatal Habit Learning System in Humans
Science,
September 6, 1996;
273(5280):
1399 - 1402.
[Abstract]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. L. Rempel-Clower, S. M. Zola, L. R. Squire, and D. G. Amaral
Three Cases of Enduring Memory Impairment after Bilateral Damage Limited to the Hippocampal Formation
J. Neurosci.,
August 15, 1996;
16(16):
5233 - 5255.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B J Knowlton, L R Squire, and M A Gluck
Probabilistic classification learning in amnesia.
Learn. Mem.,
January 1, 1994;
1(2):
106 - 120.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P J Reber and L R Squire
Parallel brain systems for learning with and without awareness.
Learn. Mem.,
January 1, 1994;
1(4):
217 - 229.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Knowlton and L. Squire
The learning of categories: parallel brain systems for item memory and category knowledge
Science,
December 10, 1993;
262(5140):
1747 - 1749.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Squire and S Zola-Morgan
The medial temporal lobe memory system
Science,
September 20, 1991;
253(5026):
1380 - 1386.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Zola-Morgan and L. Squire
The primate hippocampal formation: evidence for a time-limited role in memory storage
Science,
October 12, 1990;
250(4978):
288 - 290.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
.gif?ad=17923&adview=true)
