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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 11, 3268-3288, Copyright © 1991 by Society for Neuroscience
Effects of monocular visual deprivation on geniculocortical innervation of area 18 in cat
MJ Friedlander, KA Martin and D Wassenhove-McCarthy
Neurobiology Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.
The effects of long-term monocular visual deprivation (MD) on the structure
of the terminal arborizations of individual Y-type geniculocortical axons
was studied in the cat's cortical area 18. Physiologically classified axons
were filled with HRP by intracellular injection, and the three-dimensional
distribution of the axons' terminal arborizations was quantified.
Individual boutons observed at the light microscope (LM) level were
verified as sites of synaptic contact by correlated light and electron
microscopy (EM). Single boutons were serially sectioned and reconstructed
for subsequent three- dimensional analysis. The arborizations of 17 Y-axons
[6 normal (N), 6 nondeprived (ND), and 5 deprived (D)] were analyzed at the
LM level, and 372 boutons (104 N, 129 ND, and 139 D) were fully
reconstructed from serial sections for analysis at the EM level. MD leads
to an expansion in the size of ND arborizations and a variable reduction in
the size of the D arbors, which also have a higher bouton density than ND
arborizations. ND axons form ectopic synapses, contacting proportionally
more dendritic shafts than N or D boutons, and form more synapses per
bouton, on average, than either N or D boutons. Compared to ND and N
boutons, boutons of D axons are smaller, have fewer mitochondria, generally
form synapses on a single target (usually dendritic spines), and
occasionally make no synaptic contacts. The structural changes in the
extent of individual axon arborizations may be the basis for change in
ocular dominance column size with MD. However, the higher bouton density
and variable effect on the extent of D axon arborization size suggest that
considerable geniculocortical innervation from the deprived eye remains
intact. The change in target preference for ND axons suggests that instead
of a direct competition for postsynaptic sites by the developing
geniculocortical axons innervated by the two retinas, the ND axon
arborizations expand to invade synaptic space not normally occupied in such
high proportion in the normal cortex. The severe changes in individual
boutons following MD indicate that arborization size alone is not the only
structural substrate underlying the altered responses of cortical neurons;
changes in synaptic distribution onto target neurons may also play a role.
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