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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 11, 1685-1690, Copyright © 1991 by Society for Neuroscience
Phospholipid-mediated delivery of anti-GAP-43 antibodies into neuroblastoma cells prevents neuritogenesis
TB Shea, NI Perrone-Bizzozero, ML Beermann and LI Benowitz
Mailman Research Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02178.
The neuronal growth-associated protein GAP-43 is expressed during axonal
outgrowth and regeneration (for review, see Benowitz and Routtenberg,
1987). In the present study, we demonstrate that GAP-43 is constitutively
expressed by NB2a/d1 neuroblastoma cells. The initial, most rapid outgrowth
period of neuritogenesis [0-4 hr after dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic
monophosphate (dbcAMP) treatment] is accompanied by intense GAP-43
immunoreactivity along the entire length of most neurites. However, this
immunoreactivity declined nearly to background levels within hours during
continued neurite outgrowth and persisted only at varicosities and growth
cones. GAP-43 was detectable by metabolic labeling and immunoblot analysis
in undifferentiated cells, and synthetic rates and steady-state levels of
GAP-43 underwent only a modest (approximately twofold) increase during
dbcAMP-induced differentiation. Unlike levels observed in neurites,
perikarya of undifferentiated and differentiated cells contained similar,
intense levels of GAP-43 immunoreactivity. Neurite elaboration and GAP-43
immunoreactivity were unaffected by treatment with cycloheximide,
suggesting that translocation of perikaryal GAP-43 pools, rather than de
novo synthesis, contributes to the transient burst of GAP-43 observed in
developing neurites. Phosphatidylcholine-mediated delivery of anti-GAP-43
antibodies (alpha GAP) into cells immediately before dbcAMP treatment
arrested neuritogenesis but did not induce the retraction of existing
neurites. These results indicate that, while GAP- 43 expression is
insufficient to induce neuritogenesis in NB2a/d1 cells, GAP-43 is
nevertheless essential for the initial, dynamic phase of neurite outgrowth.
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