 |
Previous Article | Next Article 
Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 11, 2896-2913, Copyright © 1991 by Society for Neuroscience
A comparative study of the behavioral deficits following lesions of various parts of the zebra finch song system: implications for vocal learning
C Scharff and F Nottebohm
Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021.
Song production in song birds is controlled by an efferent pathway.
Appended to this pathway is a "recursive loop" that is necessary for song
acquisition but not for the production of learned song. Since zebra finches
learn their song by imitating external models, we speculated that the
importance of the recursive loop for learning might derive from its
processing of auditory feedback during song acquisition. This hypothesis
was tested by comparing the effects on song in birds deafened early in life
and birds with early lesions in either of two nuclei--Area X and the
lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (LMAN). These
nuclei are part of the recursive loop. The three treatments affected song
development differently, as reflected by various parameters of the adult
song of these birds. Whereas LMAN lesions resulted in songs with monotonous
repetitions of a single note complex, songs of Area X-lesioned birds
consisted of rambling series of unusually long and variable notes.
Furthermore, whereas song of LMAN lesioned birds stabilized early, song
stability as seen in intact birds was never achieved in Area X-lesioned
birds. Early deafness also resulted in poorly structured and unstable song.
We conclude that Area X and LMAN contribute differently to song
acquisition: the song variability that is typical of vocal development
persists following early deafness or lesions of Area X but ends abruptly
following removal of LMAN. Apparently, LMAN plays a crucial role in
fostering the kinds of circuit plasticity necessary for learning.
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. E. Miller, E. Spiteri, M. C. Condro, R. T. Dosumu-Johnson, D. H. Geschwind, and S. A. White
Birdsong Decreases Protein Levels of FoxP2, a Molecule Required for Human Speech
J Neurophysiol,
October 1, 2008;
100(4):
2015 - 2025.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M.-J. Holveck, A. C. Vieira de Castro, R. F. Lachlan, C. ten Cate, and K. Riebel
Accuracy of song syntax learning and singing consistency signal early condition in zebra finches
Behav. Ecol.,
August 4, 2008;
(2008)
arn078v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Sizemore and D. J. Perkel
Noradrenergic and GABAB Receptor Activation Differentially Modulate Inputs to the Premotor Nucleus RA in Zebra Finches
J Neurophysiol,
July 1, 2008;
100(1):
8 - 18.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. Aronov, A. S. Andalman, and M. S. Fee
A Specialized Forebrain Circuit for Vocal Babbling in the Juvenile Songbird
Science,
May 2, 2008;
320(5876):
630 - 634.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Amador, F. Goller, and G. B. Mindlin
Frequency Modulation During Song in a Suboscine Does Not Require Vocal Muscles
J Neurophysiol,
May 1, 2008;
99(5):
2383 - 2389.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. T. Sakata, C. M. Hampton, and M. S. Brainard
Social Modulation of Sequence and Syllable Variability in Adult Birdsong
J Neurophysiol,
April 1, 2008;
99(4):
1700 - 1711.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. F. Roberts, M. E. Klein, M. F. Kubke, J. M. Wild, and R. Mooney
Telencephalic Neurons Monosynaptically Link Brainstem and Forebrain Premotor Networks Necessary for Song
J. Neurosci.,
March 26, 2008;
28(13):
3479 - 3489.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. E. Bauer, M. J. Coleman, T. F. Roberts, A. Roy, J. F. Prather, and R. Mooney
A Synaptic Basis for Auditory-Vocal Integration in the Songbird
J. Neurosci.,
February 6, 2008;
28(6):
1509 - 1522.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. C. Ashmore, M. Bourjaily, and M. F. Schmidt
Hemispheric Coordination Is Necessary for Song Production in Adult Birds: Implications for a Dual Role for Forebrain Nuclei in Vocal Motor Control
J Neurophysiol,
January 1, 2008;
99(1):
373 - 385.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. A. Farries and A. L. Fairhall
Reinforcement Learning With Modulated Spike Timing Dependent Synaptic Plasticity
J Neurophysiol,
December 1, 2007;
98(6):
3648 - 3665.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. A. Thompson, W. Wu, R. Bertram, and F. Johnson
Auditory-Dependent Vocal Recovery in Adult Male Zebra Finches Is Facilitated by Lesion of a Forebrain Pathway That Includes the Basal Ganglia
J. Neurosci.,
November 7, 2007;
27(45):
12308 - 12320.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Kojima and A. J. Doupe
Song Selectivity in the Pallial-Basal Ganglia Song Circuit of Zebra Finches Raised Without Tutor Song Exposure
J Neurophysiol,
October 1, 2007;
98(4):
2099 - 2109.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. R. Fiete, M. S. Fee, and H. S. Seung
Model of Birdsong Learning Based on Gradient Estimation by Dynamic Perturbation of Neural Conductances
J Neurophysiol,
October 1, 2007;
98(4):
2038 - 2057.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. L. Person and D. J. Perkel
Pallidal Neuron Activity Increases during Sensory Relay through Thalamus in a Songbird Circuit Essential for Learning
J. Neurosci.,
August 8, 2007;
27(32):
8687 - 8698.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. A. Kozhevnikov and M. S. Fee
Singing-Related Activity of Identified HVC Neurons in the Zebra Finch
J Neurophysiol,
June 1, 2007;
97(6):
4271 - 4283.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. H. R. Hahnloser and M. S. Fee
Sleep-Related Spike Bursts in HVC Are Driven by the Nucleus Interface of the Nidopallium
J Neurophysiol,
January 1, 2007;
97(1):
423 - 435.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. E. London, D. A. Monks, J. Wade, and B. A. Schlinger
Widespread Capacity for Steroid Synthesis in the Avian Brain and Song System
Endocrinology,
December 1, 2006;
147(12):
5975 - 5987.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. D. Gale and D. J. Perkel
Physiological Properties of Zebra Finch Ventral Tegmental Area and Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Neurons
J Neurophysiol,
November 1, 2006;
96(5):
2295 - 2306.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Wilbrecht, H. Williams, N. Gangadhar, and F. Nottebohm
High Levels of New Neuron Addition Persist When the Sensitive Period for Song Learning Is Experimentally Prolonged
J. Neurosci.,
September 6, 2006;
26(36):
9135 - 9141.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. H. Kao and M. S. Brainard
Lesions of an Avian Basal Ganglia Circuit Prevent Context-Dependent Changes to Song Variability
J Neurophysiol,
September 1, 2006;
96(3):
1441 - 1455.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Sasaki, T. D. Sotnikova, R. R. Gainetdinov, and E. D. Jarvis
Social context-dependent singing-regulated dopamine.
J. Neurosci.,
August 30, 2006;
26(35):
9010 - 9014.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. H. R. Hahnloser, A. A. Kozhevnikov, and M. S. Fee
Sleep-Related Neural Activity in a Premotor and a Basal-Ganglia Pathway of the Songbird
J Neurophysiol,
August 1, 2006;
96(2):
794 - 812.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. G. Cooper and F. Goller
Physiological Insights Into the Social-Context-Dependent Changes in the Rhythm of the Song Motor Program
J Neurophysiol,
June 1, 2006;
95(6):
3798 - 3809.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W.-c. Liu and F. Nottebohm
Variable rate of singing and variable song duration are associated with high immediate early gene expression in two anterior forebrain song nuclei
PNAS,
July 26, 2005;
102(30):
10724 - 10729.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. D. Gale and D. J. Perkel
Properties of Dopamine Release and Uptake in the Songbird Basal Ganglia
J Neurophysiol,
April 1, 2005;
93(4):
1871 - 1879.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. A. Cardin, J. N. Raksin, and M. F. Schmidt
Sensorimotor Nucleus NIf Is Necessary for Auditory Processing But Not Vocal Motor Output in the Avian Song System
J Neurophysiol,
April 1, 2005;
93(4):
2157 - 2166.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Mooney and J. F. Prather
The HVC Microcircuit: The Synaptic Basis for Interactions between Song Motor and Vocal Plasticity Pathways
J. Neurosci.,
February 23, 2005;
25(8):
1952 - 1964.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Leonardo and M. S. Fee
Ensemble Coding of Vocal Control in Birdsong
J. Neurosci.,
January 19, 2005;
25(3):
652 - 661.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Leonardo
Experimental test of the birdsong error-correction model
PNAS,
November 30, 2004;
101(48):
16935 - 16940.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. E. Theunissen
Use It or Lose It. Focus on: "Sequential Learning From Multiple Tutors and Serial Returning of Auditory Neurons in a Brain Area Important to Birdsong Learning"
J Neurophysiol,
November 1, 2004;
92(5):
2642 - 2643.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y. Yazaki-Sugiyama and R. Mooney
Sequential Learning From Multiple Tutors and Serial Retuning of Auditory Neurons in a Brain Area Important to Birdsong Learning
J Neurophysiol,
November 1, 2004;
92(5):
2771 - 2788.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. D. Zevin, M. S. Seidenberg, and S. W. Bottjer
Limits on Reacquisition of Song in Adult Zebra Finches Exposed to White Noise
J. Neurosci.,
June 30, 2004;
24(26):
5849 - 5862.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
I. Teramitsu, L. C. Kudo, S. E. London, D. H. Geschwind, and S. A. White
Parallel FoxP1 and FoxP2 Expression in Songbird and Human Brain Predicts Functional Interaction
J. Neurosci.,
March 31, 2004;
24(13):
3152 - 3163.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Haesler, K. Wada, A. Nshdejan, E. E. Morrisey, T. Lints, E. D. Jarvis, and C. Scharff
FoxP2 Expression in Avian Vocal Learners and Non-Learners
J. Neurosci.,
March 31, 2004;
24(13):
3164 - 3175.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Ding and D. J. Perkel
Long-Term Potentiation in an Avian Basal Ganglia Nucleus Essential for Vocal Learning
J. Neurosci.,
January 14, 2004;
24(2):
488 - 494.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. F. Schmidt
Pattern of Interhemispheric Synchronization in HVc During Singing Correlates With Key Transitions in the Song Pattern
J Neurophysiol,
December 1, 2003;
90(6):
3931 - 3949.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Ding, D. J. Perkel, and M. A. Farries
Presynaptic Depression of Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission by D1-Like Dopamine Receptor Activation in the Avian Basal Ganglia
J. Neurosci.,
July 9, 2003;
23(14):
6086 - 6095.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. R. Kimpo, F. E. Theunissen, and A. J. Doupe
Propagation of Correlated Activity through Multiple Stages of a Neural Circuit
J. Neurosci.,
July 2, 2003;
23(13):
5750 - 5761.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E.-I. Izawa, G. Zachar, S. Yanagihara, and T. Matsushima
Localized Lesion of Caudal Part of Lobus Parolfactorius Caused Impulsive Choice in the Domestic Chick: Evolutionarily Conserved Function of Ventral Striatum
J. Neurosci.,
March 1, 2003;
23(5):
1894 - 1902.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Luo and D. J. Perkel
Intrinsic and Synaptic Properties of Neurons in an Avian Thalamic Nucleus During Song Learning
J Neurophysiol,
October 1, 2002;
88(4):
1903 - 1914.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. Alvarez-Borda and F. Nottebohm
Gonads and Singing Play Separate, Additive Roles in New Neuron Recruitment in Adult Canary Brain
J. Neurosci.,
October 1, 2002;
22(19):
8684 - 8690.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. M. N. Woolley and E. W Rubel
Vocal Memory and Learning in Adult Bengalese Finches with Regenerated Hair Cells
J. Neurosci.,
September 1, 2002;
22(17):
7774 - 7787.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Ding and D. J. Perkel
Dopamine Modulates Excitability of Spiny Neurons in the Avian Basal Ganglia
J. Neurosci.,
June 15, 2002;
22(12):
5210 - 5218.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. A. Farries and D. J. Perkel
A Telencephalic Nucleus Essential for Song Learning Contains Neurons with Physiological Characteristics of Both Striatum and Globus Pallidus
J. Neurosci.,
May 1, 2002;
22(9):
3776 - 3787.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Williams
Choreography of song, dance and beak movements in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)
J. Exp. Biol.,
March 12, 2002;
204(20):
3497 - 3506.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. Nottebohm
Why Are Some Neurons Replaced in Adult Brain?
J. Neurosci.,
February 1, 2002;
22(3):
624 - 628.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Iyengar and S. W. Bottjer
Development of Individual Axon Arbors in a Thalamocortical Circuit Necessary for Song Learning in Zebra Finches
J. Neurosci.,
February 1, 2002;
22(3):
901 - 911.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Iyengar and S. W. Bottjer
The Role of Auditory Experience in the Formation of Neural Circuits Underlying Vocal Learning in Zebra Finches
J. Neurosci.,
February 1, 2002;
22(3):
946 - 958.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Luo, L. Ding, and D. J. Perkel
An Avian Basal Ganglia Pathway Essential for Vocal Learning Forms a Closed Topographic Loop
J. Neurosci.,
September 1, 2001;
21(17):
6836 - 6845.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. S. Brainard and A. J. Doupe
Postlearning Consolidation of Birdsong: Stabilizing Effects of Age and Anterior Forebrain Lesions
J. Neurosci.,
April 1, 2001;
21(7):
2501 - 2517.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. S. Livingston and R. Mooney
Androgens and Isolation From Adult Tutors Differentially Affect the Development of Songbird Neurons Critical to Vocal Plasticity
J Neurophysiol,
January 1, 2001;
85(1):
34 - 42.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Dutar, J. J. Petrozzino, H. M. Vu, M. F. Schmidt, and D. J. Perkel
Slow Synaptic Inhibition Mediated by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Activation of GIRK Channels
J Neurophysiol,
November 1, 2000;
84(5):
2284 - 2290.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. M. Solis, M. S. Brainard, N. A. Hessler, and A. J. Doupe
Song selectivity and sensorimotor signals in vocal learning and production
PNAS,
October 24, 2000;
97(22):
11836 - 11842.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. W. Troyer and A. J. Doupe
An Associational Model of Birdsong Sensorimotor Learning I. Efference Copy and the Learning of Song Syllables
J Neurophysiol,
September 1, 2000;
84(3):
1204 - 1223.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. W. Troyer and A. J. Doupe
An Associational Model of Birdsong Sensorimotor Learning II. Temporal Hierarchies and the Learning of Song Sequence
J Neurophysiol,
September 1, 2000;
84(3):
1224 - 1239.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. Ribeiro and C.V. Mello
Gene Expression and Synaptic Plasticity in the Auditory Forebrain of Songbirds
Learn. Mem.,
September 1, 2000;
7(5):
235 - 243.
[Full Text]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Mooney
Different Subthreshold Mechanisms Underlie Song Selectivity in Identified HVc Neurons of the Zebra Finch
J. Neurosci.,
July 15, 2000;
20(14):
5420 - 5436.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
X.-C. Li, E. D. Jarvis, B. Alvarez-Borda, D. A. Lim, and F. Nottebohm
A relationship between behavior, neurotrophin expression, and new neuron survival
PNAS,
July 5, 2000;
(2000)
140222497.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. J. Lombardino and F. Nottebohm
Age at Deafening Affects the Stability of Learned Song in Adult Male Zebra Finches
J. Neurosci.,
July 1, 2000;
20(13):
5054 - 5064.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Marler and A. J. Doupe
Singing in the brain
PNAS,
March 28, 2000;
97(7):
2965 - 2967.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
N. A. Hessler and A. J. Doupe
Singing-Related Neural Activity in a Dorsal Forebrain-Basal Ganglia Circuit of Adult Zebra Finches
J. Neurosci.,
December 1, 1999;
19(23):
10461 - 10481.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|