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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 12, 3935-3945, Copyright © 1992 by Society for Neuroscience
Early development of glycine- and GABA-mediated synapses in rat spinal cord
WL Wu, L Ziskind-Conhaim and MA Sweet
Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53706.
Motoneuron responses to the inhibitory amino acids glycine and GABA, and
the contribution of inhibitory synapses to developing sensorimotor synapses
were studied in rat spinal cords during the last week in utero. In
differentiating motoneurons, glycine and GABA induced Cl(-)- dependent
membrane depolarizations and large decreases in membrane resistance. These
responses gradually decreased during embryonic development, and at birth
they were significantly smaller than in embryos. In motoneurons of embryos
and neonates, dorsal root stimulation produced only depolarizing
potentials, some of which reversed at -50 mV membrane potential. Reduction
of extracellular Cl- concentrations increased the amplitude of these
potentials, suggesting that they are generated by Cl- current. Contribution
of Cl(-)-dependent potentials to compound dorsal root-evoked potentials was
studied by determining the effects of glycine and GABA antagonists on them.
In motoneurons of embryos at days 16-17 of gestation (D16-D17), strychnine
or bicuculline blocked dorsal root-evoked potentials. This suppression was
neither the result of a decrease in neuronal excitability nor the
inhibition of glutamate receptors. Strychnine-evoked depression was not
blocked by atropine, indicating that it was not due to disinhibition of
muscarinic synapses. By D19, strychnine and bicuculline significantly
increased dorsal root-evoked potentials rather than blocking them. This
reversed function did not result from an increase in neuronal excitability
or changes in the specificity of strychnine and bicuculline antagonism. The
number of glycine- and GABA-immunoreactive cells increased 20% between D17
and D19. The number of immunoreactive cells and fibers significantly
increased in the motor nuclei and dorsal horn laminae. These morphological
changes may contribute to establishment of new synaptic contacts on
motoneurons, thus changing the actions of strychnine and bicuculline on
dorsal root-evoked potentials.
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