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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 12, 4867-4877, Copyright © 1992 by Society for Neuroscience
Protein synthesis within neuronal growth cones
L Davis, P Dou, M DeWit and SB Kater
Program in Neuronal Growth and Development, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523.
This study investigates the capacity of neuronal growth cones to synthesize
protein locally and independently of their cell body. Isolated growth cones
were prepared from cultures of neurons from the snail Helisoma by
transecting neurites proximal to the growth cone. The capacity for protein
synthesis was tested by radiolabeling cultures with 3H-leucine and
analyzing the resultant autoradiograms. Isolated growth cones displayed
incorporation of 3H-leucine that was inhibited by treatment with the
protein synthesis inhibitors anisomycin and pactamycin, indicating that
ribosomal-dependent translation occurs in growth cones. Ultrastructural
analyses of growth cones demonstrated the presence of polyribosomes, the
machinery for protein synthesis. The density of polyribosomes varied
between growth cones, even between different growth cones on the same
neuron, suggesting that growth cones express a range of protein synthetic
capabilities. That different types of growth cones possess differing
capabilities for protein synthesis is suggested in autoradiograms of
3H-leucine incorporation by the growth cones of axonal and nonaxonal
neurites; incorporation was radically reduced in axonal growth cones in
comparison with non-axonal growth cones. Finally, growth cones that were
isolated for 2 d prior to radiolabeling incorporate 3H-leucine in a
eukaryotic ribosomal- dependent manner, suggesting that the capacity for
translation is long- lived in growth cones. Taken together, these studies
reveal a capacity for protein synthesis confined totally to the neuronal
growth cone proper. The synthesis of proteins in growth cones could afford
a mechanism for the alteration of growth cone structure or function. This
is in accord with the view that growth cones participate autonomously, to
at least some extent, in the processes of synaptogenesis and the
construction of neuronal architecture.
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