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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 12, 1262-1274, Copyright © 1992 by Society for Neuroscience
EPSP-IPSP interactions in cat visual cortex studied with in vivo whole- cell patch recording
D Ferster and B Jagadeesh
Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208.
Postsynaptic inhibition can operate by two distinct mechanisms: (1)
membrane hyperpolarization and (2) shunting of excitatory postsynaptic
currents. The arithmetic operations--either addition or multiplication--
that synapses are able to perform during neuronal computations are
determined by which of these two inhibitory mechanisms predominates.
Hyperpolarizing IPSPs interact linearly with EPSPs; their negative and
positive synaptic currents sum to produce a net change in membrane
potential (Eccles, 1961). Shunting synapses interact nonlinearly with
EPSPs; the shunt-induced increase in membrane conductance directly reduces
the amplitude of EPSPs by a constant multiplicative factor (Fatt and Katz,
1953; Blomfield, 1974). This property of shunting inhibition has provided
the basis for models of synaptic interaction in which shunting inhibition
acts as an AND-NOT gate for excitatory inputs (Torre and Poggio, 1978; Koch
et al., 1983). Using an in vivo variant of the whole-cell patch technique
(Blanton et al., 1989), we have examined the effect of visually evoked
inhibition on the size of EPSPs in cortical simple cells and found that the
predominant inhibitory mechanism is hyperpolarization. We conclude that
these inhibitory synapses operate primarily in the linear mode.
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[Full Text]
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A novel mechanism of response selectivity of neurons in cat visual cortex
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[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
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