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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 12, 1668-1678, Copyright © 1992 by Society for Neuroscience
Basic FGF in astroglial, microglial, and neuronal cultures: characterization of binding sites and modulation of release by lymphokines and trophic factors
DM Araujo and CW Cotman
Department of Psychobiology, University of California, Irvine 92717.
The present study characterizes whether basic fibroblast growth factor
(bFGF) is present and released from astroglia, microglia, and hippocampal
neurons in vitro. For cell content, bFGF-like immunoreactivity (IR) of cell
extracts was measured, whereas release was determined by assessing the
levels of bFGF-like IR in media. In addition, the effects of lymphokines
and trophic factors that are known to be released from these cells on bFGF
release were examined. For all three cell types, bFGF-like IR in extracts
of cell lysates was detectable. In addition, media content was highest in
astroglial cultures and lowest in neuronal cultures. Although bFGF-like IR
of neuronal and microglial media appeared to increase with time in culture,
this was likely due to significant astroglial proliferation. Thus, notable
levels of bFGF are released by astroglia in vitro. In astroglia, bFGF
release was enhanced by interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and epidermal growth
factor (EGF), but not by other lymphokines or NGF. In contrast, bFGF in
microglial media was reduced by IL-3, EGF, and NGF, but slightly augmented
by gamma-interferon (IFN); other lymphokines were ineffective. In addition,
no effects were seen in the neuronal cultures. It is likely that the bFGF
found in glial media interacts with bFGF receptors since in both glial and
neuronal cell types, a single class of low-capacity (Bmax), high-affinity
(Kd) bFGF binding sites was evident. The possibility that endogenous bFGF
acts as an autocrine factor for astroglia was further supported by
experiments that tested the mitogenic effects of exogenous bFGF on glial
cells. bFGF significantly enhanced 3H-thymidine uptake into astroglial, but
not microglial, cells in vitro. Thus, the present study demonstrates that a
complex regulation of glial bFGF release by astroglia and microglia occurs
in vitro. Moreover, the results are consistent with an autocrine role for
bFGF in astroglial cultures.
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