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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 12, 1698-1708, Copyright © 1992 by Society for Neuroscience
A circuit for coding interaural time differences in the chick brainstem
EM Overholt, EW Rubel and RL Hyson
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
Third-order auditory neurons in the avian nucleus laminaris (NL) are the
first to receive binaural input. In the chick, NL consists of a monolayer
of neurons with polarized dendritic arbors oriented dorsally and ventrally.
Afferents from second-order neurons in the ipsilateral nucleus
magnocellularis (NM) innervate the dorsal dendrites of NL neurons,
distributing processes of approximately equal length to NL neurons along an
isofrequency band (roughly caudomedial to rostrolateral). Afferents from
the contralateral NM innervate the ventral dendrites of NL neurons,
distributing collateral branches sequentially as they proceed from
caudomedial to rostrolateral along the isofrequency band of neurons. This
innervation pattern could be the basis of a "delay line" circuit, as
postulated in models of neural networks mediating sound localization. We
examined this circuit by analyzing evoked field potentials using a brain
slice preparation containing both NL and NM. The results were consistent
with the previous anatomical findings. When the ipsilateral auditory nerve
or ipsilateral NM was stimulated, there was no consistent variation in the
latency of postsynaptic field potentials across the medial-to-lateral
extent of NL. In contrast, when the contralateral NM or NM axons in the
crossed dorsal cochlear tract were stimulated, a linear increase in the
latency of postsynaptic potentials was observed from medial to lateral
positions in NL. When stimulation amplitudes for both the ipsilateral and
contralateral inputs were adjusted so as to produce little or no
postsynaptic field potential, simultaneous bilateral stimulation evoked a
pronounced response. Thus, NL neurons can act as "coincidence detectors."
The amplitude of the postsynaptic response was dependent on the relative
timing of stimulation of the two inputs. The optimal time difference
changed systematically across the medial-to-lateral extent of NL. This
system of delay lines and coincidence detectors could provide a mechanism
for converting interaural time differences into a "place map" within NL.
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