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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 12, 3139-3161, Copyright © 1992 by Society for Neuroscience
Orientation selectivity, preference, and continuity in monkey striate cortex
GG Blasdel
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Maps of orientation preference and selectivity, inferred from differential
images of orientation (Blasdel, 1992), reveal linear organizations in
patches, 0.5-1.0 mm across, where orientation selectivities are high, and
where preferred orientations rotate linearly along one axis while remaining
constant along the other. Most of these linear zones lie between the
centers of adjacent ocular dominance columns, with their short
iso-orientation slabs oriented perpendicular, in regions enjoying the
greatest binocular overlap. These two-dimensional linear zones are
segregated by one- and zero- dimensional discontinuities that are
particularly abundant in the centers of ocular dominance columns, and that
are also correlated with cytochrome oxidase-rich zones within them.
Discontinuities smaller than 90 degrees extend in one dimension, as
fractures, while discontinuities greater than 90 degrees are confined to
points, in the form of singularities, that are generated when orientation
preferences rotate continuously through +/- 180 degrees along circular
paths. The continuous rotations through 180 degrees imply that direction
preferences are not organized laterally in striate cortex. And they also
ensure that preferences for all orientations converge at each singularity,
with perpendicular orientations represented uniquely close together on
opposite sides. The periodic interspersing of linear zones and
singularities suggests that orientation preferences are organized by at
least two competing schemes. They are optimized for linearity, along with
selectivity and binocularity, in the linear zones, and they are optimized
for density near singularities. Since upper-layer neurons are likely to
have similarly sized dendritic fields in all regions (Lund and Yoshioka,
1991), those in the linear zones should receive precise information about
narrowly constrained orientations, while those near singularities should
receive coarse information about all orientations--very different inputs
that suggest different perceptual functions.
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