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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 13, 285-299, Copyright © 1993 by Society for Neuroscience
Initial tract formation in the mouse brain
SS Easter Jr, LS Ross and A Frankfurter
Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1048.
Mouse embryos from embryonic days 8.5-10.5 (E8.5-E10.5) were fixed and
labeled with an antibody to neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (Moody
et al., 1987; Lee et al., 1990a,b) to reveal the first neurons, axons, and
tracts in the brain. They were studied in whole-mounts and in light
microscopic sections. Some conclusions were checked by labeling tracts in
older embryos (E11.5 and E12.5) with the lipophilic dye
1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine. The first
immunoreactive cells appeared at E8.5, prior to neural tube closure, in the
neural plate immediately caudal to the optic vesicle. Cells along the
dorsal midline of the mesencephalon issued the first axons, on E9.0; the
cells were the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, and the axons
formed its descending tract. The tract reached the level of the trigeminal
ganglion by E10.0 but did not enter the ganglion until after E12.5. On
E9.5, the number of labeled cells and axons in the alar plate of the
presumptive diencephalon and mesencephalon had increased substantially, and
many of the rostral ones coursed into the basal plate to enter longitudinal
tracts there. Two tracts originated from cells in the basal plate: the
tract of the postoptic commissure (from the base of the optic stalk to the
level of the cephalic flexure) and the medial longitudinal fasciculus (from
the level of the cephalic flexure caudally through the mid and
hind-brains). By E10.0, a small mammillotegmental tract paralleled the
tract of the postoptic commissure, but immunolabeling was so widespread
that discrete tracts were impossible to discern in the presumptive
diencephalon and mesencephalon. The more rostral regions remained lightly
labeled. In the cerebral vesicle, the presumptive cerebral cortex, the
first immunoreactive cells appeared at E10.0; they had multiple processes
oriented parallel to the pia, and were identified as the Cajal-Retzius
cells. By E10.5, no tracts had formed in the cerebral vesicle. All the
tracts formed by E10.0 were superficial, in the subpial lamina. Those that
can be identified in the adult brain are very deep structures. These
results are compared with previous descriptions of the embryonic brains of
amphibians, fish, birds, and other mammals, including humans.
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