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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 13, 4549-4561, Copyright © 1993 by Society for Neuroscience
Neural substrates of visual stimulus-stimulus association in rhesus monkeys
EA Murray, D Gaffan and M Mishkin
Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Rhesus monkeys learned 10 visual stimulus-stimulus association, or paired
associates. They then received bilateral removals of either the amygdaloid
complex and underlying cortex, the hippocampal formation and underlying
cortex, or both combined, or they were retained as unoperated controls.
After surgery or rest, the monkeys were tested for their retention of the
preoperatively learned set of paired associates, as well as for their
ability to learn new associations of the same type. Both unoperated
controls and hippocampectomized monkeys relearned the preoperatively
trained set of paired associates almost immediately. By contrast, monkeys
with amygdala removals were moderately retarded in relearning, and monkeys
with combined amygdala and hippocampal ablations were severely retarded.
When confronted with new sets of visual stimuli, monkeys with amygdala
removals or hippocampal removals learned new sets of paired associates at
the same rate as the controls, whereas monkeys with the combined ablation
were again profoundly retarded. Only one monkey with the combined lesion
was able to learn new stimulus-stimulus associations to criterion, and then
only after extensive training, despite the ability of all three animals in
this group to perform delayed matching-to-sample with the same stimuli and
the same intraatrial delays as those used in the paired associate task. At
the end of the main experiment, two of the unoperated controls received
bilateral ablations of the rhinal cortex. These monkeys showed the same
level of difficulty in learning new paired associates as the animals in the
main experiment that had received the combined amygdala plus hippocampal
ablations. The results implicate the medial temporal lobe, and particularly
the rhinal cortex, in the formation of stimulus- stimulus associative
memories.
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