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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 13, 5105-5118, Copyright © 1993 by Society for Neuroscience
Corticospinal terminations in two new-world primates: further evidence that corticomotoneuronal connections provide part of the neural substrate for manual dexterity
GA Bortoff and PL Strick
Research Service, V.A. Medical Center, Syracuse, New York 13210.
Anterograde transport of 2-10% WGA-HRP was used to examine the pattern of
termination of efferents from the primary motor cortex to cervical segments
of the spinal cord in cebus (Cebus apella) and squirrel (Saimiri sciureus)
monkeys. We have compared the pattern of termination in these monkeys
because of marked differences in their manipulative abilities. Both
primates have pseudo-opposable thumbs; however, only cebus monkeys use
independent finger movements to pick up small objects. We found that
corticospinal terminations in cervical segments of the cebus monkey are
located in three main zones: a dorsolateral region of the intermediate
zone, a dorsomedial region of the intermediate zone, and the ventral horn.
The projection to the ventral horn in these monkeys is particularly dense
at C8-T1 segments, where terminations form a "ring" that encircles the
lateral motoneuronal cell group. In contrast, there are only two main zones
of terminations in the squirrel monkey: a dorsolateral region of the
intermediate zone and a dorsomedial region of the intermediate zone. As
others have noted, efferents from the primary motor cortex of squirrel
monkeys have, at best, only sparse terminations within the ventral horn.
Thus, there are marked differences between cebus and squirrel monkeys in
the extent of corticospinal terminations within the ventral horn. These
observations provide further support for the concept that monosynaptic
projections from the primary motor cortex to motoneurons in the ventral
horn provide part of the neural substrate for dexterous movements of the
fingers.
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