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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 13, 674-684, Copyright © 1993 by Society for Neuroscience
Inactivation of NMDA channels in cultured hippocampal neurons by intracellular calcium
P Legendre, C Rosenmund and GL Westbrook
Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.
Calcium-dependent inactivation of NMDA channels was examined on cultured
rat hippocampal neurons using whole-cell voltage-clamp and cell-attached
single-channel recording. An ATP regeneration solution was included in the
patch pipette to retard current "rundown." In normal [Ca2+]o (1-2 mM) and
10 microM glycine, macroscopic currents evoked by 15 sec applications of
NMDA (10 microM) inactivated slowly following an initial peak. At -50 mV in
cells buffered to [Ca2+]i < 10(- 8) M with 10 mM EGTA, the inactivation
time constant (tau inact) was approximately 5 sec. Inactivation did not
occur at membrane potentials of +40 mV and was absent at [Ca2+]o < or =
0.2 mM, suggesting that inactivation resulted from transmembrane calcium
influx. The percentage inactivation and tau inact were dependent on
[Ca2+]o. The tau inact was also longer with BAPTA in the whole-cell pipette
compared to EGTA, suggesting that tau inact reflects primarily the rate of
accumulation of intracellular calcium. Inactivation was incomplete,
reaching a steady state level of 40-50% of the peak current. At steady
state, block of open NMDA channels with MK-801
((+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H- dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine)
completely blocked subsequent responses to NMDA, suggesting that
"inactivated" channels can reopen at steady state. Inactivation was fully
reversible in the presence of ATP but was not blocked by inhibiting
phosphatases or proteases. In cell- attached patches, transient increases
in [Ca2+]i following cell depolarization also resulted in inactivation of
NMDA channels without altering the single-channel conductance. This
suggests that Ca(2+)- dependent inactivation occurs in intact cells and can
be triggered by calcium entry through nearby voltage-gated calcium
channels, although calcium entry through NMDA channels was more effective.
We suggest that [Ca2+]i transients induce NMDA channel inactivation by
binding to either the channel or a nearby regulatory protein to alter
channel gating. This mechanism may play a role in downregulation of
postsynaptic calcium entry during sustained synaptic activity.
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