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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 13, 793-800, Copyright © 1993 by Society for Neuroscience
Photic regulation of peptides located in the ventrolateral subdivision of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat: daily variations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide, and neuropeptide Y
K Shinohara, K Tominaga, Y Isobe and ST Inouye
Laboratory of Integrative Brain Function, Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences, Machida, Tokyo, Japan.
We have determined, by enzyme immunoassay, daily and circadian patterns of
the concentrations of three peptides, which are located in the
ventrolateral subdivision of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN): vasoactive
intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and
neuropeptide Y (NPY). The contents of VIP and GRP, which are synthesized in
the SCN, did not show circadian rhythms in constant darkness (DD). Under
light-dark (LD) conditions, GRP content increased and VIP content decreased
over the course of the light period and then gradually recovered during the
dark period. Responsiveness of these peptides to light suggests that VIP
and GRP may transmit visual information on duration of illumination. NPY,
which is transported from the intergeniculate leaflet of the lateral
geniculate body, showed a circadian rhythm with a peak at circadian time 12
hr in DD. This endogenous rhythm was remarkably modulated by photic
stimulation. Under LD conditions, the NPY content in the SCN exhibited a
bimodal rhythm with peaks at both the light-dark and dark-light transition
points. Thus, NPY may convey visual information on the transitions. All
these results indicate that the levels of VIP, GRP, and NPY are mainly
regulated by light stimulation and suggest that peptides in the
ventrolateral SCN are involved in the mediation of photic information to
the pacemaker.
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