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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 13, 1354-1371, Copyright © 1993 by Society for Neuroscience
Regionalization and intersegmental coordination of rhythm-generating networks in the spinal cord of the chick embryo
S Ho and MJ O'Donovan
Section on Developmental Neurobiology, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
We have examined the regionalization and coordination of rhythm- generating
networks in the isolated spinal cord of the chick embryo between embryonic
days 9 and 13, by recording the pattern of rhythmic activity recorded from
muscle nerves and ventral roots following a variety of lesions. We found
that the capacity for rhythmic activity is distributed along the
rostrocaudal axis of the cord but can be expressed in a single, isolated
segment. Specializations within the lumbosacral cord were investigated by
isolating particular regions and recording their motor output. The rostral
part of the lumbosacral cord generates more cycles than the caudal part,
and this difference becomes more pronounced with development. In the
unlesioned cord, motoneuron activity is synchronized along the rostrocaudal
axis. Lesion experiments revealed that the synchronization of motoneuron
activity and the synaptic drive to caudal motoneurons is mediated in part
by propriospinal pathways traveling in the ventrolateral white matter
tracts and by synaptic interactions within the gray matter. The dorsal
fiber tracts may also be involved but their effects appear to be weak.
Lesions in dorsal-ventral and mediolateral planes were used to localize
regions critical for rhythmogenesis and for the alternation of flexor and
extensor motoneurons. Rhythmic activity with alternation persisted in
spinal cords in which the dorsal and medial half had been removed. Severe
medial or dorsal lesions, resulting in a thin strip of lateral or ventral
gray matter, altered the phasing of motoneuron activity from alternating to
synchronous without effects on cycle timing. These results suggest that the
critical neural components for alternation are located close to and
dorsomedial to the lateral motor column, and that the capacity for
rhythmogenesis is distributed widely throughout the ventral gray matter and
is not localized to specific nuclei.
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