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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 13, 1688-1700, Copyright © 1993 by Society for Neuroscience
Bag cell extract inhibits tail-siphon withdrawal reflex, suppresses long-term but not short-term sensitization, and attenuates sensory-to- motor neuron synapses in Aplysia
JR Goldsmith and JH Byrne
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77225.
The peptides released from the bag cells (bag cell peptides, BCPs) in
Aplysia californica are responsible for eliciting or modulating a
repertoire of behaviors preceding and accompanying egg laying. Our interest
was in determining to what extent behaviors that can occur simultaneously
with egg laying are modulated. To address this issue, we examined the
effects of an extract (bag cell extract, BCE) that contained BCPs, as well
as egg-laying hormone (ELH), an identified BCP, on both the tail-siphon
withdrawal reflex and the ability of that reflex to exhibit sensitization,
a simple form of nonassociative learning. In addition, we examined the
ability of BCE, as well as the individual BCPs, to modulate a component of
the circuitry of the reflex. Behavioral experiments indicated that BCE
inhibited the baseline withdrawal reflex and suppressed long-term
sensitization of the reflex while leaving short-term sensitization
unaffected. These effects were not observed in animals receiving an extract
of a control ganglion or in animals receiving ELH, and therefore may be
attributed to the actions of one or more BCPs, but presumably not to ELH
alone. Electrophysiological experiments revealed that BCE also attenuated
the monosynaptic EPSP elicited in tail motor neurons by tail sensory
neurons. In subsequent experiments in which the BCPs were individually
applied, only one BCP, beta-BCP, significantly attenuated the EPSPs. This
effect was independent of narrowing of the presynaptic action potential.
Taken together, these results suggest a novel behavioral modification
attributed to BCPs, inhibition of the tail-siphon withdrawal reflex, and
suggest a possible locus of action and peptide candidate for this effect.
In addition, these experiments raise the possibility that BCPs may exert a
long-lasting effect (> 24 hr), selectively blocking a simple form of
long-term memory.
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