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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 13, 1852-1861, Copyright © 1993 by Society for Neuroscience
A higher control center of locomotor behavior in the Drosophila brain
R Strauss and M Heisenberg
Theodor-Boveri-Institut fur Biowissenschaften, Lehrstuhl fur Genetik, Wurzburg, Germany.
In order to elucidate the behavioral significance of the central complex
(CC), we have examined walking in 15 Drosophila mutant strains belonging to
eight independent X-linked genes that affect the structure of the CC.
Compared to four different wild-type strains, all are impaired either in a
general or in a paradigm-dependent manner. Behavioral deficits concern
walking activity, walking speed, or "straightness of walking" as measured
in an object fixation task, in fast phototaxis, and in negative geotaxis.
Behavioral deficits of three strains with mutations in different genes were
studied in detail using mosaic analysis and high-speed cinematography. In
all cases the focus for declining walking activity is located in the brain
and is fully correlated with the respective defect of the CC. A high
correlation between the degree of the behavioral impairment and the
severity of the structural defect in two strains further adds to the
evidence. Declining walking activity is not an unspecific side effect of
structural brain defects, as steady walking is observed in structural
mutants of the visual system and mushroom bodies. In mutant flies no-
bridgeKS49 (nob), step size as a function of the stepping period is
reduced. The focus of the resulting reduced average and maximum walking
speeds resides in the brain and, again, the behavioral impairment fully
correlates with the structural defects of the CC. While no indication is
found for a role of the CC in setting up the basic stepping rhythm in
straight walking (a respective phenotype in mutant central- complexKS181
flies resides in the ventral ganglion), a role in turning and start/stop
maneuvers is suggested by aberrations in the stepping pattern of nob flies
during such episodes.
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