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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 13, 3986-4000, Copyright © 1993 by Society for Neuroscience
Tenascin and extracellular matrix glycoproteins: from promotion to polarization of neurite growth in vitro
A Lochter and M Schachner
Department of Neurobiology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich.
The extracellular matrix molecules tenascin, laminin, and fibronectin, the
cell adhesion molecule L1, and the lectin concanavalin A (ConA) were tested
for their effects on neuritogenesis in cultures of hippocampal neurons. We
analyzed neurite outgrowth between 3 and 21 hr after plating and found
that, on polyornithine as control substrate, lengths of axon-like major
neurites and dendrite-like minor neurites increased continuously with time
in culture. Moreover, growth of minor neurites was faster than growth of
major neurites. When the extracellular matrix molecules tenascin, laminin,
and fibronectin were coated on polyornithine substrates, growth of all
neurites was faster than on control substrates during the first hours of
culture. After this initial phase of enhanced neurite outgrowth, elongation
of major neurites continued at a higher rate than on the control substrate
and growth of minor neurites ceased after 12 hr. Correspondingly, neuronal
polarity was strongly increased on the extracellular matrix substrates
during later phases of culture. In contrast, lengths of both major and
minor neurites were increased over control values on L1 and ConA substrates
at all time points investigated. Thus, neuronal polarity was similar for
control, L1, and ConA substrates. Spreading of neuronal cell bodies was
reduced by about 50% on tenascin, laminin, and fibronectin and by less than
20% on L1 and ConA substrates after 21 hr of culture, when compared to the
control substrate. Neuron-to-substrate adhesion was reduced on all three
extracellular matrix substrates but not affected on L1 or ConA substrates,
after 3 and 21 hr of culture. These observations indicate that induction of
neuronal polarity is not a general feature of neurite outgrowth-promoting
molecules, such as L1 or ConA, but a distinctive property of the three
extracellular matrix glycoproteins studied, and may suggest that
enhancement of polarity is correlated with decreased strength of adhesion.
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