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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 13, 4029-4041, Copyright © 1993 by Society for Neuroscience
Neurotrophin receptor genes are expressed in distinct patterns in developing dorsal root ganglia
X Mu, I Silos-Santiago, SL Carroll and WD Snider
Department of Neurology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
All members of the neurotrophin family of neuronal growth factors promote
survival and neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in
vitro. The trk family of protooncogenes encodes receptors that are now
thought to mediate the biological effects of neurotrophins. In order to
learn more about the dependence of DRG neurons on neurotrophins in vivo, we
have studied mRNA expression of members of the trk family in developing
DRGs in embryonic and postnatal rats. We show here that neurotrophin
receptors are expressed in thoracic and lumbar DRGs by embryonic day 13
(E13), which is only 24-48 hr after neurogenesis begins in these ganglia.
Distinct patterns of expression of trkA, trkB, and trkC are readily
apparent by E15. At this age, 40% of thoracic DRG neurons express trkA. In
contrast, trkB and trkC are expressed by only 6% and 8%, respectively, of
thoracic DRG neurons. These percentages change little between E15 and
postnatal day 1. Although absolute numbers of DRG neurons expressing
neurotrophin receptors are greater in lumbar than in thoracic ganglia, the
ratios of DRG neurons expressing different members of the trk family are
similar in the two regions. The different trks are expressed by distinct
populations of DRG neurons from E15 onward. trkA is expressed predominantly
by small neurons with darkly staining cytoplasm. trkB and trkC are
expressed by large, lightly staining neurons. Size-frequency histograms
show that trkA is expressed by neurons of variable sizes, but particularly
by neurons at the smallest end of the spectrum. In contrast, trkC is
expressed predominantly by large DRG neurons, including those with the
largest soma areas. trkB is expressed by DRG neurons of intermediate size.
Our results show that a majority of DRG neurons express mRNA for at least
one member of the trk protooncogene family. Furthermore, trk expression
occurs in a time frame consistent with the idea that trks mediate responses
of DRG neurons to neurotrophins that are synthesized in both the periphery
and spinal cord at early developmental stages. Finally, different
populations of DRG neurons express different trks. We hypothesize that DRG
neurons subserving different functions express different trks, and that trk
expression of a particular class of DRG neurons determines its neurotrophin
dependence during development.
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