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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 6084-6093, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Efflux of dopamine from the synaptic cleft in the nucleus accumbens of the rat brain
PA Garris, EL Ciolkowski, P Pastore and RM Wightman
Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-2390.
Synaptic release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of the intact rat
brain elicited by a single electrical impulse applied to ascending
dopaminergic fibers results in extracellular concentrations sufficient to
bind the known dopamine receptors. The dopamine concentration observed
after four rapid, sequential pulses is exactly four times greater and is
unaffected by pharmacological antagonism of dopamine uptake and receptor
sites at supramaximal concentrations. Thus, dopamine efflux from the
synaptic cleft is not restricted by binding to intrasynaptic proteins on
the time scale of the measurements (50-100 msec). The extracellular
concentration, as a result of a single stimulus pulse, is 0.25 microM and
is rapidly removed by extrasynaptic uptake. This maximal, transient
concentration of dopamine is 60 times higher than steady-state
concentrations reported previously using dialysis techniques, illustrating
that dopamine extracellular concentrations are spatially and temporally
heterogenous. In contrast to ACh transmission at the neuromuscular
junction, the dopamine synapse in the telencephalon is designed for the
effective efflux of dopamine from the synaptic cleft to the extrasynaptic
compartment during neurotransmission.
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