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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 6553-6563, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Correlates of hippocampal complex-spike cell activity in rats performing a nonspatial radial maze task
BJ Young, GD Fox and H Eichenbaum
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599.
The observation of hippocampal place cells forms a major line of evidence
supporting the view that the hippocampus is dedicated to spatial
processing. However, most studies demonstrating the spatial properties of
hippocampal unit activity have employed tasks that emphasize spatial cues
but minimize nonspatial cues. In the present experiment we recorded the
activity of hippocampal complex-spike cells from rats performing a
nonspatial radial maze task. Performance in this task was guided by local
visual-tactile cues on the maze arms, while distal spatial cues were
minimized and made irrelevant. The influence of three variables on unit
activity was examined:type of cue on an arm, spatial location of an arm,
and the relative position of the animal on an arm. Of the units recorded,
almost one-fifth were classified as "cue cells" in that their activity was
associated with cue type but not spatial location. Conversely, a similar
proportion of the units were classified as "place cells" in that their
activity was associated with location, but not cue type. In an additional
similar proportion of units, firing was influenced only by relative
position and not by local cues or spatial locations. For the majority of
units, however, firing was related to combinations of these three
variables, indicating that most hippocampal neurons encoded conjunctions or
relations between spatial and local cue information. This pattern of
results indicates that when local rather than distal spatial cues are
emphasized, hippocampal neural activity is strongly influenced by salient
nonspatial cues and shows no overwhelming predominance of place coding.
These findings are at odds with the hypothesis that the hippocampus is
selectively involved in spatial processing and, conversely, support the
broader view that the hippocampus encodes both spatial and nonspatial
relations among important experimental variables.
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