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Next Article 
Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 7235-7251, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
On the directional firing properties of hippocampal place cells
RU Muller, E Bostock, JS Taube and JL Kubie
Department of Physiology, State University of New York Health Sciences Center, Brooklyn 11203.
Using a two-spot tracking system that allowed measurements of the direction
of a rat's head in the environment as well as the position of the rat's
head, we investigated whether hippocampal place cells show true
direction-specific as well as location-specific firing. Significant
modulations of firing rate by head direction were seen for most cells while
rats chased food pellets in a cylindrical apparatus. It was possible,
however, to account quantitatively for directional modulation with a simple
scheme that we refer to as the "distributive hypothesis." This hypothesis
assumes that firing is ideally location specific, and that all directional
firing modulations are due to differences in the time that the rat spends
in different portions of the firing field of the place cell in different
head direction sectors. When the distributive hypothesis is put into
numeric form, the directional firing profiles that it predicts are
extremely similar to the observed directional firing profiles, strongly
suggesting that there is no intrinsic directional specificity of place cell
firing in the cylinder. Additional recordings made while rats ran on an
eight-arm maze reveal that many firing fields on the arms are polarized;
the cell discharges more rapidly when the rat runs in one direction than
the other on the maze. This result provides an independent confirmation of
the findings of McNaughton et al. (1983). For fields that appear to be
polarized by inspecting firing rate maps of the raw data, the magnitude of
directional firing variations is greater than predicted by the distributive
hypothesis. By comparison with postsubicular head direction cells, it is
shown that the distributive prediction of weaker- than-observed directional
firing is expected if there is a true directional firing component. A major
conclusion reached from recording in both environments is that the
directional firing properties of hippocampal place cells are variable and
not fixed; this is true of individual units as well as of the population.
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