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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 7367-7380, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Transparent motion perception as detection of unbalanced motion signals. II. Physiology
N Qian and RA Andersen
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.
We investigated how the primate visual system solves the difficult problem
of representing multiple motion vectors in the same part of the visual
space--the problem of motion transparency. In the preceding companion
article we reported that displays with locally well-balanced motion signals
in opposite directions are perceptually nontransparent (i.e., one does not
see two coherent moving surfaces) and that transparent displays always
contain locally unbalanced motion signals. This is exemplified by our
paired and unpaired dot patterns. Although both types of stimuli contain
two sets of dots moving in opposite directions, the former is locally well
balanced and appears like flicker while the latter gives a perception of
two transparent surfaces. In this article we report our physiological
recordings from areas V1 and MT of behaving monkeys, comparing single-cell
responses to the paired and the unpaired dot patterns. Although a small
proportion of directionally selective V1 cells responded differently to the
two types of patterns, the average V1 responses could not reliably
distinguish between the paired and the unpaired stimuli. A large fraction
of MT cells, on the other hand, responded significantly better to the
unpaired dot patterns than to the paired ones. Furthermore, the average
response of all MT cells to the unpaired dot patterns was significantly
higher than that to the paired dot patterns. These results demonstrate a
neural correlate of the perceptual transparency at the level of MT. On the
other hand, V1 cells do not generally discriminate between the transparent
and nontransparent stimuli, indicating that V1 activity is not well
correlated with the perception of motion transparency. Our results are
consistent with a two-stage model for motion processing: the first stage
measures local motion and the second stage introduces suppression if
different directions of motion are present at a local region of the visual
field. The first stage is located primarily in V1 and the second stage
primarily in MT. Finally, we found a strong and negative correlation
between the degree of the opponent-direction suppression of MT cells and
their responses to flicker noise stimuli. This result suggests that one of
the fundamental roles of the opponent-direction suppression in MT is noise
reduction.
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