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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 523-537, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
The role of presynaptic calcium in short-term enhancement at the hippocampal mossy fiber synapse
WG Regehr, KR Delaney and DW Tank
AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974.
The mossy fiber synapse between dentate granule cells and CA3 pyramidal
cells in the guinea pig hippocampus shows a robust short-term synaptic
enhancement. We have simultaneously measured presynaptic residual free
calcium ([Ca2+]i) and postsynaptic field potentials at this synapse to
examine the role of [Ca2+]i in this enhancement. Single action potentials
produced an increase in [Ca2+]i of 10-50 nM that decayed to resting levels
with a time constant of about 1 sec. Trains of action potentials produced
larger [Ca2+]i increases that returned more slowly to resting levels.
Following the onset of moderate frequency stimulus trains (0.1-5 Hz),
synaptic transmission and [Ca2+]i both increased and eventually plateaued.
During the steady-state phase a linear relationship between [Ca2+]i and
synaptic enhancement was observed. During the initial buildup, however,
[Ca2+]i rose more rapidly than synaptic enhancement. Similarly, during the
decay phase immediately following termination of a stimulus train, [Ca2+]i
returned to prestimulus levels faster than synaptic enhancement. High
concentrations of the calcium buffer EGTA in the presynaptic terminal
slowed the buildup and decay of both [Ca2+]i and synaptic enhancement
produced by stimulus trains. Under these conditions, the time course of
[Ca2+]i and synaptic enhancement were well matched. This suggests that,
despite the differences in kinetic rates observed for normal buffering
conditions, increases in [Ca2+]i play a causal role in short-term
enhancement. An increase in [Ca2+]i of 10-30 nM produced a twofold
enhancement. We propose a simple kinetic model to explain these results.
The model assumes that synaptic enhancement is controlled by a Ca-dependent
first-order reaction. According to this scheme, a change in [Ca2+]i alters
neurotransmitter release, but the slow kinetics of the underlying reaction
introduces a temporal filter, producing a delay in the change in synaptic
enhancement.
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