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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 630-644, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Dynamic construction of a neural network from multiple pattern generators in the lobster stomatogastric nervous system
P Meyrand, J Simmers and M Moulins
Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Physiologie Comparees, Universite de Bordeaux I, Arcachon, France.
In the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of the lobster Homarus
gammarus, the rhythmic discharge of a pair of identified modulatory neurons
(PS cells) is able to construct de novo a functional network from neurons
otherwise belonging to other functional networks. The PS interneurons are
electrically coupled and possess endogenous oscillatory properties that can
be activated synaptically by stimulation of an identified sensory pathway.
PS neurons themselves project synaptically onto the three major neural
networks (esophageal, gastric mill, and pyloric) of the STNS. When a PS is
rhythmically active in vitro, either spontaneously (rarely) or in response
to direct stimulation, it dramatically restructures the otherwise
independent activity patterns of all three target networks. This functional
reconfiguration elicited by a single cell does not rely on changes in
neuronal allegiance to pre-existing circuits, or on a simple merger of
these different circuits. Rather, PS is responsible for the creation of an
entirely new motor rhythm in that, via its widespread synaptic connections,
the interneuron is able to subjugate the ongoing activity of the three STNS
circuits and selectively appropriate individual elements to its own
intrinsic rhythm. In addition, PS excites motor neurons that innervate
dilator muscles of a valve situated between the esophagus and the stomach.
The reorganization of the regional foregut motor rhythms by the interneuron
is therefore coordinated to the opening of this valve, which itself carries
sensory receptors that have been found to activate bursting in PS. Our data
suggest that the role of PS in massively restructuring stomatogastric
output is to generate a unique motor pattern appropriate for
swallowing-like behavior. In a wider context, moreover, the results
demonstrate that a neural network may not exist as a predefined entity
within the CNS, but may be dynamically assembled according to changing
behavioral circumstances.
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