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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 645-654, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Presynaptic calcium is increased during normal synaptic transmission and paired-pulse facilitation, but not in long-term potentiation in area CA1 of hippocampus
LG Wu and P Saggau
Division of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.
We examined the relationship between presynaptic calcium levels and
postsynaptic potentials during normal synaptic transmission, paired- pulse
facilitation (PPF), and long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA3-CA1 synapses of
hippocampus. By selectively loading the presynaptic terminals with the
calcium indicator fura-2, we simultaneously recorded a presynaptic calcium
(Ca) transient and the corresponding field EPSP evoked by a single stimulus
given to the Schaffer collateral- commissural pathway in guinea pig
hippocampal slices. A volume average presynaptic Ca influx was obtained by
taking the first time derivative of the Ca transient. Our data indicate
that the synaptic transmission represented by the initial slope of the
field EPSP is approximately proportional to the fourth power of the
presynaptic Ca influx, the volume average Ca current. Our results in
combination with similar findings at the squid giant synapse (Augustine et
al., 1985b; Augustine and Charlton, 1986) suggest that the relationship
between Ca influx and transmitter release is well conserved from the
molluscan to the mammalian nervous system. A transient increase of the
residual Ca level ([Ca]res) is generally thought to be the mechanism
underlying PPF (Katz and Miledi, 1968; Charlton et al., 1982); however, the
relationship between PPF and the presynaptic [Ca]res had not been examined
before. Our results demonstrate that PPF is approximately linearly related
to the [Ca]res. This finding further supports the residual Ca hypothesis
for PPF. Accumulated evidence from other groups suggests that the
presynaptic site contributes to the maintenance of LTP in CA3-CA1 synapses
(Bekkers and Stevens, 1990; Malinow and Tsien, 1990); however, our data
show that neither an increase of the Ca transient nor a sustained increase
of the [Ca]res occurs in the presynaptic terminals during maintenance of
LTP. This suggests that the presynaptic mechanism underlying LTP must be
downstream to Ca influx.
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