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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 1613-1622, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Synaptic facilitation at connections of Hermissenda type B photoreceptors
EM Schuman and GA Clark
Psychology Department, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544.
The enhancement of excitability in type B photoreceptors is an important
neural mechanism underlying classically conditioned suppression of
phototaxis in the marine mollusk Hermissenda crassicornis. However, the
possibility that type B photoreceptors also exhibit synaptic plasticity has
not previously been explored. We now report that connections of type B
photoreceptors onto type A photoreceptors exhibit synaptic facilitation,
and that this facilitation involves the same first messenger (5-HT) and
second messenger (protein kinase C) previously implicated in the learning-
produced excitability changes. In brief, we found that application of 5- HT
dramatically facilitates synaptic potentials evoked by type B cells in type
A cell cells, and that this facilitation is blocked by preincubation with
staurosporine, a protein kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, activation of
protein kinase C also induces synaptic facilitation, whereas activation of
the cAMP-dependent protein kinase has no effect. Changes in synaptic
strength produced by these manipulations are paralleled by changes in type
B cell input resistance (a simple index of cellular excitability), whereas
type A cell input resistance is unaffected. These findings indicate a
previously unrecognized form of neuronal plasticity in Hermissenda that may
contribute importantly to the learned changes in behavior, and thereby
highlight general principles of learning-related neuronal plasticity shared
by different preparations and species.
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