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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 1746-1755, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Correlation of nitric oxide synthase expression with changing patterns of axonal projections in the developing visual system
CV Williams, D Nordquist and SC McLoon
Department of Cell Biology and Neuroanatomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
A precise pattern of connections between the retina and central visual
nuclei in the brain is established during development. Activity- dependent
presynaptic mechanisms and NMDA receptor-mediated postsynaptic mechanisms
are thought to play important roles in this developmental process. A model
proposed for production of the newly described neurotransmitter, nitric
oxide, involves presynaptic activity and activation of postsynaptic NMDA
receptors. If present in the developing visual system, nitric oxide could
represent a form of retrograde communication from postsynaptic to
presynaptic cells that mediates the formation of the proper pattern of
connections. This study used the diaphorase histochemical technique to
detect the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzyme responsible
for the production of nitric oxide, in the developing chick optic tectum.
Results from this study showed that NOS is present in the developing tectum
and that its expression coincides temporally with innervation by retinal
axons. NOS expression reaches a peak at the time that refinement of the
initial pattern of connections is occurring. WGA/HRP labeling of retinal
axons confirmed that processes of NOS-positive cells in the tectum extend
well into the area of the ingrowing retinal axons. Histochemical results
from eyeless chick embryos indicate that NOS expression is dependent on the
presence of retinal axons, which suggests that retinal axons synapse on
cells that express nitric oxide. Northern blot analysis using a cDNA probe
to NOS from rat brain verified the histochemical results. These results are
consistent with nitric oxide having a role in development of the proper
pattern of connections in the chick retinotectal system.
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