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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 1834-1855, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Comparative localization of two forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase and their mRNAs in rat brain supports the concept of functional differences between the forms
M Esclapez, NJ Tillakaratne, DL Kaufman, AJ Tobin and CR Houser
Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles.
Two isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67 and GAD65) and their
mRNAs were localized in the rat brain by immunohistochemistry and
nonradioactive in situ hybridization methods with digoxigenin-labeled cRNA
probes. In most brain regions, both GAD isoforms were present in neuronal
cell bodies as well as axon terminals. A few populations of neurons, such
as those in the reticular nucleus of the thalamus, exhibited similar cell
body labeling for both GADs. However, in many brain regions, the cell
bodies that were immunoreactive for GAD67 were often more numerous than
those that were immunoreactive for GAD65. In contrast, the density
(quantity) of GAD65-immunoreactive axon terminals was higher than that of
GAD67-immunoreactive terminals. Strong parallels were observed between the
intensity of immunohistochemical labeling of cell bodies and the levels of
mRNA labeling for both GAD isoforms. Many groups of GAD-containing cell
bodies were distinctly labeled for GAD67, and these same groups of neurons
were heavily labeled for GAD67 mRNA. Such neurons included Purkinje cells
of the cerebellar cortex, nonpyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex, and
neurons of the reticular nucleus of the thalamus. Similar parallels in
labeling were observed for GAD65 and its mRNA. Distinct cell body labeling
for the protein and associated high levels of GAD65 mRNA were found in
neurons of the reticular nucleus of the thalamus and periglomerular cells
in the olfactory bulb. However, many cell bodies were not readily labeled
for GAD65 with immunohistochemical methods. Such absence or weakness of
cell body labeling for the protein was associated with low or moderate
levels of GAD65 mRNA. Even though light cell body staining was frequently
observed for GAD65 and its mRNA, strong axon terminal labeling for GAD65
was present. Thus, in the deep cerebellar nuclei to which the Purkinje
cells of the cerebellar cortex project, strong terminal labeling was
observed for both GAD isoforms even though only light cell body labeling of
the Purkinje cells was obtained for GAD65 and its mRNA. The findings
suggest that the two isoforms of GAD are present in most classes of GABA
neurons but that they are not similarly distributed within the neurons.
GAD67 is present in readily detectable amounts in many GAD-containing cell
bodies whereas GAD65 is particularly prominent in many axon terminals. In
addition, neurons that express either form of GAD mRNA also express the
corresponding protein. Levels of labeling for the GAD mRNAs suggest that,
under normal conditions, the synthesis of GAD65 is frequently lower than
that of GAD67.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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