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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 2140-2152, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Use-dependent growth of pyramidal neurons after neocortical damage
TA Jones and T Schallert
Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin 78712.
Unilateral damage to the forelimb representation area of the sensorimotor
cortex in adult rats increases dendritic arborization of layer V pyramidal
neurons of the contralateral homotopic cortex. Arbor size was maximum at
approximately 18 d postlesion, following which there was a partial
elimination, or pruning, of dendritic processes. These neural changes were
closely associated with behavioral events. The overgrowth of dendrites was
related in time to disuse of the contralateral (to the lesion) forelimb and
over-reliance on the ipsilateral forelimb for postural and exploratory
movements. The pruning of dendrites was related to a return to more
symmetrical use of the forelimbs. To investigate the possibility that
lesion-induced asymmetries in motor behavior contributed to dendritic
arborization changes, movements of the forelimb ipsilateral to the lesion
were restricted during the period of dendritic overgrowth through the use
of one-holed vests. This interfered with the increase in dendritic
arborization. In contrast, animals that were allowed to use both forelimbs,
or only the forelimb ipsilateral to the lesion, showed the expected
increases. When sham-operated rats were forced to use only one forelimb, no
significant increases in arborization were found. Therefore, neither a
lesion nor asymmetrical limb use alone could account for the dendritic
overgrowth--it depended on a lesion-behavior interaction. Furthermore,
greater sensorimotor impairments were found when the dendritic growth was
blocked, suggesting that the neural growth and/or associated limb-use
behavior were related to functional recovery from the cortical damage.
Finally, in a second experiment, immobilization of the impaired limb during
the pruning period did not prevent the elimination of processes. Thus, the
pruning of neural processes was not related simply to the recovery of more
symmetrical forelimb use. There may be a period early after brain damage
during which marked neural structural changes can occur in the presence of
adequate behavioral demand.
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