 |
Previous Article | Next Article 
Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 2545-2568, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Cortical point-spread function and long-range lateral interactions revealed by real-time optical imaging of macaque monkey primary visual cortex
A Grinvald, EE Lieke, RD Frostig and R Hildesheim
Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Processing of retinal images is carried out in the myriad dendritic
arborizations of cortical neurons. Such processing involves complex
dendritic integration of numerous inputs, and the subsequent output is
transmitted to multiple targets by extensive axonal arbors. Thus far,
details of this intricate processing remained unexaminable. This report
describes the usefulness of real-time optical imaging in the study of
population activity and the exploration of cortical dendritic processing.
In contrast to single-unit recordings, optical signals primarily measure
the changes in transmembrane potential of a population of neuronal
elements, including the often elusive subthreshold synaptic potentials that
impinge on the extensive arborization of cortical cells. By using small
visual stimuli with sharp borders and real-time imaging of cortical
responses, we found that shortly after its onset, cortical activity spreads
from its retinotopic site of initiation, covering an area at least 10 times
larger, in upper cortical layers. The activity spreads at velocities from
100 to 250 microns/msec. Near the V1/V2 border the direct activation is
anisotropic and we detected also anisotropic spread; the "space constant"
for the spread was approximately 2.7 mm parallel to the border and
approximately 1.5 mm along the perpendicular axis. In addition, we found
cortical interactions between cortical activities evoked by a small "center
stimulus" and by large "surround stimuli" positioned outside the classical
receptive field. All of the surround stimuli used suppressed the cortical
response to the center stimulus. Under some stimulus conditions
iso-orientation suppression was more pronounced than orthogonal-orientation
suppression. The orientation dependence of the suppression and its
dependency on the size of some specific stimuli indicate that at least part
of the center surround inhibitory interaction was of cortical origin. This
findings reported here raise the possibility that distributed processing
over a very large cortical area plays a major role in the processing of
visual information by the primary visual cortex of the primate.
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Nakamura, M. Chaumon, F. Klijn, and G. M. Innocenti
Dynamic Properties of the Representation of the Visual Field Midline in the Visual Areas 17 and 18 of the Ferret (Mustela putorius)
Cereb Cortex,
August 1, 2008;
18(8):
1941 - 1950.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
X. Huang and M. A. Paradiso
V1 Response Timing and Surface Filling-In
J Neurophysiol,
July 1, 2008;
100(1):
539 - 547.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. Ahmed, A. Hanazawa, C. Undeman, D. Eriksson, S. Valentiniene, and P. E. Roland
Cortical Dynamics Subserving Visual Apparent Motion
Cereb Cortex,
March 28, 2008;
(2008)
bhn038v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. A. N. Fisher, J. R. Barchi, C. G. Welle, G.-H. Kim, P. Kosterin, A. L. Obaid, A. G. Yodh, D. Contreras, and B. M. Salzberg
Two-Photon Excitation of Potentiometric Probes Enables Optical Recording of Action Potentials From Mammalian Nerve Terminals In Situ
J Neurophysiol,
March 1, 2008;
99(3):
1545 - 1553.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. O. Duncan and G. M. Boynton
Tactile Hyperacuity Thresholds Correlate with Finger Maps in Primary Somatosensory Cortex (S1)
Cereb Cortex,
December 1, 2007;
17(12):
2878 - 2891.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. Sharon, D. Jancke, F. Chavane, S. Na'aman, and A. Grinvald
Cortical Response Field Dynamics in Cat Visual Cortex
Cereb Cortex,
December 1, 2007;
17(12):
2866 - 2877.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. D. Lu and A. W. Roe
Optical Imaging of Contrast Response in Macaque Monkey V1 and V2
Cereb Cortex,
November 1, 2007;
17(11):
2675 - 2695.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. M. Ichida, L. Schwabe, P. C. Bressloff, and A. Angelucci
Response Facilitation From the "Suppressive" Receptive Field Surround of Macaque V1 Neurons
J Neurophysiol,
October 1, 2007;
98(4):
2168 - 2181.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. R. Husson, A. K. Mallik, J. X. Zhang, and N. P. Issa
Functional Imaging of Primary Visual Cortex Using Flavoprotein Autofluorescence
J. Neurosci.,
August 8, 2007;
27(32):
8665 - 8675.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Z. Yang, D. J. Heeger, and E. Seidemann
Rapid and Precise Retinotopic Mapping of the Visual Cortex Obtained by Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging in the Behaving Monkey
J Neurophysiol,
August 1, 2007;
98(2):
1002 - 1014.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. Palmer, S.-Y. Cheng, and E. Seidemann
Linking Neuronal and Behavioral Performance in a Reaction-Time Visual Detection Task
J. Neurosci.,
July 25, 2007;
27(30):
8122 - 8137.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Craft, H. Schutze, E. Niebur, and R. von der Heydt
A Neural Model of Figure-Ground Organization
J Neurophysiol,
June 1, 2007;
97(6):
4310 - 4326.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. B. Polley, H. L. Read, D. A. Storace, and M. M. Merzenich
Multiparametric Auditory Receptive Field Organization Across Five Cortical Fields in the Albino Rat
J Neurophysiol,
May 1, 2007;
97(5):
3621 - 3638.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
T. A. Cleland, B. A. Johnson, M. Leon, and C. Linster
Relational representation in the olfactory system
PNAS,
February 6, 2007;
104(6):
1953 - 1958.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Nishimura, H. Shirasawa, H. Kaizo, and W.-J. Song
New Field With Tonotopic Organization in Guinea Pig Auditory Cortex
J Neurophysiol,
January 1, 2007;
97(1):
927 - 932.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. Ledberg, S. L. Bressler, M. Ding, R. Coppola, and R. Nakamura
Large-Scale Visuomotor Integration in the Cerebral Cortex
Cereb Cortex,
January 1, 2007;
17(1):
44 - 62.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. Schwabe, K. Obermayer, A. Angelucci, and P. C. Bressloff
The Role of Feedback in Shaping the Extra-Classical Receptive Field of Cortical Neurons: A Recurrent Network Model
J. Neurosci.,
September 6, 2006;
26(36):
9117 - 9129.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. E. Roland, A. Hanazawa, C. Undeman, D. Eriksson, T. Tompa, H. Nakamura, S. Valentiniene, and B. Ahmed
Cortical feedback depolarization waves: A mechanism of top-down influence on early visual areas
PNAS,
August 15, 2006;
103(33):
12586 - 12591.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. J. Tehovnik, A. S. Tolias, F. Sultan, W. M. Slocum, and N. K. Logothetis
Direct and Indirect Activation of Cortical Neurons by Electrical Microstimulation
J Neurophysiol,
August 1, 2006;
96(2):
512 - 521.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. F. Civillico and D. Contreras
Integration of Evoked Responses in Supragranular Cortex Studied With Optical Recordings In Vivo
J Neurophysiol,
July 1, 2006;
96(1):
336 - 351.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W.-J. Song, H. Kawaguchi, S. Totoki, Y. Inoue, T. Katura, S. Maeda, S. Inagaki, H. Shirasawa, and M. Nishimura
Cortical Intrinsic Circuits Can Support Activity Propagation through an Isofrequency Strip of the Guinea Pig Primary Auditory Cortex
Cereb Cortex,
May 1, 2006;
16(5):
718 - 729.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. A. N. Fisher, V. A. Marchenko, A. G. Yodh, and R. F. Rogers
Spatiotemporal Activity Patterns During Respiratory Rhythmogenesis in the Rat Ventrolateral Medulla
J Neurophysiol,
March 1, 2006;
95(3):
1982 - 1991.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. V. Rangan, D. Cai, and D. W. McLaughlin
Inaugural Article: Modeling the spatiotemporal cortical activity associated with the line-motion illusion in primary visual cortex
PNAS,
December 27, 2005;
102(52):
18793 - 18800.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Tanigawa, Q. Wang, and I. Fujita
Organization of Horizontal Axons in the Inferior Temporal Cortex and Primary Visual Cortex of the Macaque Monkey
Cereb Cortex,
December 1, 2005;
15(12):
1887 - 1899.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
C. W. Ang, G. C. Carlson, and D. A. Coulter
Hippocampal CA1 Circuitry Dynamically Gates Direct Cortical Inputs Preferentially at Theta Frequencies
J. Neurosci.,
October 19, 2005;
25(42):
9567 - 9580.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. R. Zochowski and L. B. Cohen
Oscillations in the Olfactory Bulb Carry Information About Odorant History
J Neurophysiol,
October 1, 2005;
94(4):
2667 - 2675.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
X. Xu, W. H. Bosking, L. E. White, D. Fitzpatrick, and V. A. Casagrande
Functional Organization of Visual Cortex in the Prosimian Bush Baby Revealed by Optical Imaging of Intrinsic Signals
J Neurophysiol,
October 1, 2005;
94(4):
2748 - 2762.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. K. Thompson, M. R. Peterson, and R. D. Freeman
Separate Spatial Scales Determine Neural Activity-Dependent Changes in Tissue Oxygen within Central Visual Pathways
J. Neurosci.,
September 28, 2005;
25(39):
9046 - 9058.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. M. Chen, R. M. Friedman, and A. W. Roe
Optical Imaging of SI Topography in Anesthetized and Awake Squirrel Monkeys
J. Neurosci.,
August 17, 2005;
25(33):
7648 - 7659.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Schulz and J. A. Reggia
Mirror Symmetric Topographic Maps Can Arise from Activity-Dependent Synaptic Changes
Neural Comput.,
May 1, 2005;
17(5):
1059 - 1083.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. E. Kunkler, R. E. Hulse, M. W. Schmitt, C. Nicholson, and R. P. Kraig
Optical Current Source Density Analysis in Hippocampal Organotypic Culture Shows That Spreading Depression Occurs with Uniquely Reversing Currents
J. Neurosci.,
April 13, 2005;
25(15):
3952 - 3961.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
L. G. Nowak, M. V. Sanchez-Vives, and D. A. McCormick
Role of Synaptic and Intrinsic Membrane Properties in Short-Term Receptive Field Dynamics in Cat Area 17
J. Neurosci.,
February 16, 2005;
25(7):
1866 - 1880.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. Jancke, W. Erlhagen, G. Schoner, and H. R. Dinse
Shorter latencies for motion trajectories than for flashes in population responses of cat primary visual cortex
J. Physiol.,
May 1, 2004;
556(3):
971 - 982.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H.-t. Ma, C.-h. Wu, and J.-y. Wu
Initiation of Spontaneous Epileptiform Events in the Rat Neocortex In Vivo
J Neurophysiol,
February 1, 2004;
91(2):
934 - 945.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. DESTEXHE and T. J. SEJNOWSKI
Interactions Between Membrane Conductances Underlying Thalamocortical Slow-Wave Oscillations
Physiol Rev,
October 1, 2003;
83(4):
1401 - 1453.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. Bair, J. R. Cavanaugh, and J. A. Movshon
Time Course and Time-Distance Relationships for Surround Suppression in Macaque V1 Neurons
J. Neurosci.,
August 20, 2003;
23(20):
7690 - 7701.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. L. Adams and J. C. Horton
The Representation of Retinal Blood Vessels in Primate Striate Cortex
J. Neurosci.,
July 9, 2003;
23(14):
5984 - 5997.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. B. H. Tootell, D. Tsao, and W. Vanduffel
Neuroimaging Weighs In: Humans Meet Macaques in "Primate" Visual Cortex
J. Neurosci.,
May 15, 2003;
23(10):
3981 - 3989.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. D. Haynes, G. Roth, M. Stadler, and H. J. Heinze
Neuromagnetic Correlates of Perceived Contrast in Primary Visual Cortex
J Neurophysiol,
May 1, 2003;
89(5):
2655 - 2666.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Slovin, A. Arieli, R. Hildesheim, and A. Grinvald
Long-Term Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging Reveals Cortical Dynamics in Behaving Monkeys
J Neurophysiol,
December 1, 2002;
88(6):
3421 - 3438.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Leznik, V. Makarenko, and R. Llinas
Electrotonically Mediated Oscillatory Patterns in Neuronal Ensembles: An In Vitro Voltage-Dependent Dye-Imaging Study in the Inferior Olive
J. Neurosci.,
April 1, 2002;
22(7):
2804 - 2815.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. C. Bressloff and J. D. Cowan
An Amplitude Equation Approach to Contextual Effects in Visual Cortex
Neural Comput.,
March 1, 2002;
14(3):
493 - 525.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. A. Brett-Green, C. H. Chen-Bee, and R. D. Frostig
Comparing the Functional Representations of Central and Border Whiskers in Rat Primary Somatosensory Cortex
J. Neurosci.,
December 15, 2001;
21(24):
9944 - 9954.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. Contreras and R. Llinas
Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging of Neocortical Spatiotemporal Dynamics to Afferent Activation Frequency
J. Neurosci.,
December 1, 2001;
21(23):
9403 - 9413.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. W. Spitzer, M. B. Calford, J. C. Clarey, J. D. Pettigrew, and A. W. Roe
Spontaneous and Stimulus-Evoked Intrinsic Optical Signals in Primary Auditory Cortex of the Cat
J Neurophysiol,
March 1, 2001;
85(3):
1283 - 1298.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. F. Rossi, R. Desimone, and L. G. Ungerleider
Contextual Modulation in Primary Visual Cortex of Macaques
J. Neurosci.,
March 1, 2001;
21(5):
1698 - 1709.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J.-M. Hupe, A. C. James, P. Girard, and J. Bullier
Response Modulations by Static Texture Surround in Area V1 of the Macaque Monkey Do Not Depend on Feedback Connections From V2
J Neurophysiol,
January 1, 2001;
85(1):
146 - 163.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. A. Bednar and R. Miikkulainen
Tilt Aftereffects in a Self-Organizing Model of the Primary Visual Cortex
Neural Comput.,
July 1, 2000;
12(7):
1721 - 1740.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. Li, P. Thier, and C. Wehrhahn
Contextual Influence on Orientation Discrimination of Humans and Responses of Neurons in V1 of Alert Monkeys
J Neurophysiol,
February 1, 2000;
83(2):
941 - 954.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
V. Dragoi and M. Sur
Dynamic Properties of Recurrent Inhibition in Primary Visual Cortex: Contrast and Orientation Dependence of Contextual Effects
J Neurophysiol,
February 1, 2000;
83(2):
1019 - 1030.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. C. Prechtl, T. H. Bullock, and D. Kleinfeld
Direct evidence for local oscillatory current sources and intracortical phase gradients in turtle visual cortex
PNAS,
January 18, 2000;
97(2):
877 - 882.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y.-W. Lam, L. B. Cohen, M. Wachowiak, and M. R. Zochowski
Odors Elicit Three Different Oscillations in the Turtle Olfactory Bulb
J. Neurosci.,
January 15, 2000;
20(2):
749 - 762.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. Jancke, W. Erlhagen, H. R. Dinse, A. C. Akhavan, M. Giese, A. Steinhage, and G. Schoner
Parametric Population Representation of Retinal Location: Neuronal Interaction Dynamics in Cat Primary Visual Cortex
J. Neurosci.,
October 15, 1999;
19(20):
9016 - 9028.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Tommerdahl, B. L. Whitsel, O. V. Favorov, C. B. Metz, and B. L. O'Quinn
Responses of Contralateral SI and SII in Cat to Same-Site Cutaneous Flutter Versus Vibration
J Neurophysiol,
October 1, 1999;
82(4):
1982 - 1992.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Tommerdahl, K. A. Delemos, B. L. Whitsel, O. V. Favorov, and C. B. Metz
Response of Anterior Parietal Cortex to Cutaneous Flutter Versus Vibration
J Neurophysiol,
July 1, 1999;
82(1):
16 - 33.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
B. L. Whitsel, O. Favorov, K. A. Delemos, C.-J. Lee, M. Tommerdahl, G. K. Essick, and B. Nakhle
SI Neuron Response Variability Is Stimulus Tuned and NMDA Receptor Dependent
J Neurophysiol,
June 1, 1999;
81(6):
2988 - 3006.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
V. Bringuier, F. Chavane, L. Glaeser, and Y. Frégnac
Horizontal Propagation of Visual Activity in the Synaptic Integration Field of Area 17 Neurons
Science,
January 29, 1999;
283(5402):
695 - 699.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Tommerdahl, K. A. Delemos, O. V. Favorov, C. B. Metz, C. J. Vierck Jr., and B. L. Whitsel
Response of Anterior Parietal Cortex to Different Modes of Same-Site Skin Stimulation
J Neurophysiol,
December 1, 1998;
80(6):
3272 - 3283.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. C. Horton and D. R. Hocking
Monocular Core Zones and Binocular Border Strips in Primate Striate Cortex Revealed by the Contrasting Effects of Enucleation, Eyelid Suture, and Retinal Laser Lesions on Cytochrome Oxidase Activity
J. Neurosci.,
July 15, 1998;
18(14):
5433 - 5455.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. N. Shadlen and W. T. Newsome
The Variable Discharge of Cortical Neurons: Implications for Connectivity, Computation, and Information Coding
J. Neurosci.,
May 15, 1998;
18(10):
3870 - 3896.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|