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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 2861-2869, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Synaptic plasticity in the rat supraoptic nucleus during lactation involves GABA innervation and oxytocin neurons: a quantitative immunocytochemical analysis
U Gies and DT Theodosis
Department of Anatomy and Cytobiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
The hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) is known to undergo synaptic
remodeling in response to physiological stimuli, such as lactation. We here
investigated the involvement of the GABAergic innervation in such
plasticity by carrying out comparative ultrastructural analyses after
postembedding immunogold labeling for GABA on sections of the SON from
virgin and lactating rats. Using random single-section analysis to estimate
the numerical density of synapses (from areal measurements of the anterior,
mid, and posterior portions of the nucleus), we found that the overall
density in either group was about 35 x 10(6) synapses/mm3, of which over
one-third were GABA immunoreactive. The GABAergic terminals formed mainly
symmetrical synaptic contact on neurosecretory somata and dendrites; the
density of axodendritic contacts was twice that of axosomatic contacts.
Despite hypertrophy of the neurosecretory neurons in lactating rats, the
overall synaptic density did not diminish and was similar to that evaluated
in virgin rats. When we estimated synaptic densities in the neuropil (by
subtracting the proportion of sampled areas occupied by soma profiles), we
found a statistically significant increase in the density of GABAergic
synapses, in particular in the mid and posterior portions of the SON in
lactating animals. On the other hand, the density of GABA- immunonegative
synapses did not differ in the two groups. Terminals contacting more than
one postsynaptic element in the same plane of section ("shared" synapses)
were visible in the nuclei of virgin and lactating rats and about half in
each group were GABAergic. They were comparatively rare but their incidence
doubled in lactating animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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