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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 2893-2903, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Basal cortisol levels and cognitive deficits in human aging
S Lupien, AR Lecours, I Lussier, G Schwartz, NP Nair and MJ Meaney
Laboratoire Theophile-Alajouanine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Cote-des-Neiges, Montreal, Canada.
A group of 19 healthy elderly subjects previously shown to differ in terms
of their cortisol levels over a 4 year period were administered a
neuropsychological test battery assessing memory, attention, and language.
Correlational analyses performed on various corticosteroid measures showed
that the slope of the change in cortisol levels over time predicted
cognitive deficits in this elderly population. Aged subjects showing a
significant increase in cortisol levels with years and with high current
basal cortisol levels were impaired on tasks measuring explicit memory and
selective attention when compared to aged subjects presenting either
decreasing cortisol levels with years or increasing cortisol levels with
moderate current basal cortisol levels. We further showed that subjects
presenting a decrease in cortisol levels with years performed as well as
young healthy subjects with regard to cognitive performance. Thus, impaired
cognitive performance was associated with recent evidence of
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) dysregulation and elevated basal
cortisol levels. These results are consistent with recent animal studies
showing the existence of subpopulations of aged rats that differ in HPA
activity and cognitive performance. Finally, the pattern of cognitive
results related to the cortisol history of subjects is in agreement with a
role played by the hippocampus in age-related HPA dysfunction and cognitive
performance.
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