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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 3578-3587, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Local modulation of basal forebrain: effects on working and reference memory
B Givens and DS Olton
Department of Psychology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218.
The functional roles of the medial septal area (MSA) and nucleus basalis
magnocellularis (NBM) in memory were investigated to determine (1) their
relative contribution to working and reference memory, (2) their operation
in spatial and nonspatial memory, (3) the temporal dynamics of the neural
activity within these nuclei as they relate to mnemonic processes, (4) the
neurochemical regulation of their activity, and (5) the importance of ACh
for their function. Working memory was tested in a continuous conditional
discrimination (CCD), and reference memory was tested in the CCD and a
sensory discrimination (SD). Bipolar recording electrodes in the dentate
hilus monitored hippocampal EEG (theta rhythm). Immediately prior to
behavioral testing, trained rats were infused with tetracaine, scopolamine,
or muscimol into the MSA or NBM, and the subsequent behavioral and
physiological changes were measured and correlated. MSA infusions of all
three drugs reduced the power of hippocampal theta and impaired choice
accuracy in the CCD; the magnitude of both effects was greater for larger
doses and steadily decreased over time after the infusion, producing a
strong positive correlation between the power of theta and choice accuracy
in the CCD. These infusions had no effect on measures of reference memory
in the CCD or in the SD. The results demonstrate that rhythmic activity
along the septohippocampal pathway reflects processing of nonspatial
working, but not reference memory. NBM infusions did not affect hippocampal
theta but did reduce choice accuracy in the SD and completely disrupted
performance in the CCD. The NBM appears to have a critical role in both
working and reference memory.
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