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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 3862-3880, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Segregation of geniculocortical afferents during the critical period: a role for subplate neurons
A Ghosh and CJ Shatz
Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305.
To investigate the cellular interactions within the mammalian visual cortex
that are important in ocular dominance column formation, we have examined
the role of subplate neurons in this process. LGN axons segregate in layer
4 of the cat's visual cortex between the third and sixth postnatal weeks to
give rise to the adult pattern of ocular dominance columns. Subplate
neurons are a transient population of neurons that sit in the white matter
but have extensive projections into the overlying cortex, particularly
layer 4, during neonatal life. Many subplate neurons are present at birth,
but most are gone by the end of the period of LGN axon segregation. To
examine whether these neurons are required for the segregation of LGN
axons, we deleted them by intracortical injections of kainic acid either
just after LGN axons had grown into layer 4 (first postnatal week) or
later, just before the onset of segregation (third postnatal week). The
consequences for the patterning of geniculocortical terminals were
evaluated by transneuronal transport of 3H-proline injected into one eye at
times when segregation would normally be complete. Following deletion of
subplate neurons at either age, LGN axons failed to segregate into ocular
dominance columns. Following the late deletions only, geniculocortical
axons lost their laminar restriction to layer 4 and projected to layers 2
and 3 as well. Deletion of subplate neurons also resulted in long-term
changes in the cytoarchitecture of layer 4. These observations suggest that
the interactions that mediate segregation of LGN axons within layer 4 of
visual cortex are susceptible to influences from subplate neurons. Although
the mechanisms by which subplate neurons exert their effect are not yet
clear, these experiments strongly suggest that interactions between LGN
axons and layer 4 neurons are not sufficient for column formation, and that
subplate neurons most likely play a critical role in interactions leading
to ocular segregation.
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