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Journal of Neuroscience, Vol 14, 4050-4063, Copyright © 1994 by Society for Neuroscience
Schwann cells induce sprouting in motor and sensory axons in the adult rat spinal cord
Y Li and G Raisman
Norman and Sadie Lee Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom.
Circumscribed lesions were made within either the corticospinal tract or
the ascending dorsal column tracts at the upper cervical level in adult
rats. The responses of the tract axons were studied by orthograde transport
from injections of horseradish peroxidase or biocytin. At 2 d, the ends of
the cut axons were swollen, and the lesions induced en passant varicosities
in the adjacent uncut axons. Although there have been reports of
retraction, we found that even after several weeks, large numbers of cut
axons still persisted in the central lesion area (where there was complete
tissue destruction and intense macrophage infiltration), and also in the
adjacent regions of the tract. The cut ends were expanded into a variety of
shapes--large, complex, bulbous, and recurved--and many had profuse local
branches with or without small, terminal-type varicosities. A suspension of
Schwann cells cultured from neonatal sciatic nerve was injected by a
minimally traumatic air pressure microinjection technique so as to form a
bolus, comparable in size to the lesions, in either the corticospinal or
the ascending dorsal column tracts at the upper cervical level. Despite
previous findings that corticospinal axons do not elongate into peripheral
nerve grafts, we found that both corticospinal and ascending dorsal column
axons sprouted in response to contact with the transplanted Schwann cells.
The response to the Schwann cells was much more rapid than to the lesions.
By 2 d, in both descending and ascending tracts, both the axons that had
been severed at the time of injection and also the adjacent uncut axons had
already given rise to the branches that (unlike the localized sprouting
seen after the long- term lesions) extended for considerable distances
parallel to and fasciculating with each other and with the uncut tract
axons. In addition, a mass of fine, tortuous, varicose branches invaded the
superficial parts of the Schwann cell grafts, where they formed
aborizations with small bead-like expansions resembling presynaptic
boutons; as in their normal terminal fields, the aborizations formed by the
corticospinal axons were smaller and finer than those formed by the
ascending axons.
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